失真信息的预先干预研究:概念内涵、研究框架与未来展望

Prebunking Misinformation:Conceptualization,Research Framework and Future Directions

[目的/意义]失真信息治理是信息疫情时代中备受关注的社会问题,也是图书情报学科近年来的热点议题。在传统信息纠偏研究中事后纠正的滞后性与局限性促使学者将目光转向更为主动的预先干预,预先干预的剖析对失真信息治理的理解与实践具有重大意义。[方法/过程]系统梳理过去几十年间的相关研究,解析失真信息预先干预的概念内涵,回溯相关理论基础,构建研究框架深入分析失真信息预先干预的相关研究与实践。[结果/结论]失真信息预先干预以预防接种理论为理论核心,涉及情报学、心理学与传播学等学科。时间、内容、目的与特征是阐释失真信息预先干预的四大构件。当前研究围绕“应用情境—影响因素—干预方式—干预结果”展开,未来还可从理论内涵拓展、行为特征探索与研究方法创新三大角度进行深入研究。

[Purpose/significance] Misinformation governance is a hot topic in the age of infodemic,and has been a prominent issue in the discipline of Library and Information Sciences(LIS) in recent years.The effect lag and limitations of debunking in traditional misinformation research have prompted scholars to focus on more proactive pre-interventions.Profiling the prebunking approach will generate significant theoretical and practical implications regarding information governance.[Method/process] This paper comprehensively reviewed the prebunking misinformation research in the past decades.Firstly,this paper analyzed the conceptualization of prebunking,reviewed the relevant theories and built a research framework of prebunking misinformation.[Result/conclusion] Prebunking is based on the inoculation theory,involving the disciplines of LIS,psychology,and communication.Prebunking approach involves four dimensions,namely time,content,objectives and characteristics.Existing literature focuses on “context-influencing factors-intervention methods-intervention outcomes” framework.We call for three future directions in prebunking research:to enhance the conceptualization,to explore behavioral characteristics,and to include innovative research methods.