桶混助剂多库酯钠和油酸甲酯对两种疏果剂疏除效果的影响

Effect of adjuvants dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt and methyl oleate on the thinning effect of two fruit thinning agent

为探究适合不同品种苹果的化学疏果体系,以萘乙酸(NAA)、6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)为疏果剂,多库酯钠(AOT)及多库酯钠+油酸甲酯(AOT+MO)作为桶混助剂,在“岳冠”、“龙丰”两个苹果品种上测定了不同助剂体系的理化性质,观测其在苹果皮表面的冲击、铺展及渗透行为;将不同助剂体系与有效成分不同的疏果剂组合,在幼果期进行喷施,统计不同处理的花序坐果率、花朵坐果率和单双果率,并对处理后的果品品质进行测定。结果表明:在纯水中分别添加质量分数为0.1%的AOT或0.3%的(AOT+MO),能显著降低水的动态表面张力及其在靶标界面的接触角,减少或抑制液滴在果皮上的飞溅弹跳,促进液滴的沉积、铺展及渗透。在两种疏果剂的油悬浮剂中分别添加0.1%的AOT和0.3%的(AOT+MO),能显著提高其对两种苹果的疏除效果。其中对于“龙丰”苹果,40 mg/L NAA水剂+0.1%AOT处理结果与人工疏除无差异,果品品质显著提高,优于人工疏果;对于“岳冠”苹果,150 mg/L 6-BA+12.5 mg/L NAA可分散油悬浮剂+0.3%(AOT+MO)处理与人工疏除无差异,果品品质显著提高,优于人工疏果。

In order to explore the chemical fruit thinning system suitable for different apple varieties,naphthalene acetic acid(NAA),6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA)as fruit thinning agents,dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt(AOT)and dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt+methyl oleate(AOT+MO)as tank-mix adjuvants were applied to two apple cultivars,"Yueguan"and"Longfeng".Physicochemical property determination experiments of different assistant systems were carried out to observe their impact,spreading and permeation behaviors on the surface of apple peels.Fruit quality after treatment was determined by spraying different assistant systems in combination with different concentrations of fruit removers at young fruit stage and counting inflorescence fruit set rate,flower fruit set rate,single double fruit rate,for different treatments.The results showed that adding 0.1%AOT(m/m)or 0.3%(AOT+MO)(m/m)adjuvants significantly reduced the dynamic surface tension of the solution and the contact angle at the target interface.This reduced or inhibited the splash and bounce behavior of the droplets on the peel,while promoting deposition,spreading and penetration behavior of the droplets.The addition of 0.1%AOT and 0.3%(AOT+MO)adjuvants to the oil dispersion(OD)could significantly improve the thinning effect of the fruit thinning agent.For"Longfeng"apple,40 mg/L NAA AS+0.1%AOT(m/m)treatment shown no difference with artificial thinning,significantly improving the fruit quality,which was better than artificial thinning.For"Yueguan"apple,150 mg/L 6-BA+12.5 mg/L NAA OD+0.3%(AOT+MO)(m/m)treatment matched artificial thinning,and significantly improved the fruit quality over artificial thinning.