艾滋病病毒分型方法研究进展

Study on the progress of HIV typing methods

艾滋病病毒(HIV)作为重组率和突变率极高的逆转录病毒,以CD4+T淋巴细胞作为靶细胞,对机体免疫系统造成损伤,最终会导致免疫功能严重缺陷。不同亚型的HIV结构和调控基因存在显著的序列差异,其多样性与病因、传播、诊断、药物治疗、疾病进展、疫苗开发等关系密切。作为流行亚型最多的国家,HIV的快速、准确分型对于我国疫情防控具有重大意义。本文对国内外HIV的基因分型方法进行综述,并归纳不同亚型产生的临床意义,以期为进一步研究提供参考依据。

As a retrovirus with high recombination and mutation rate,HIV targets CD4+T lymphocytes,causing damage to the body's immune system and eventually leading to severe immune function defects.Different subtypes of the HIV virus exhibit significant sequence differences in their structural and regulatory genes,and this diversity is closely related to etiology,transmission,diagnosis,drug therapy,disease progression,and vaccine development.As a country with the largest number of HIV subtypes,rapid and accurate typing of the HIV virus holds great significance for China's efforts in disease prevention and control.This study provides a comprehensive reveiw of domestic and international HIV genotyping methods,and summarizes the clinical significance of different subtypes in order to provide reference for further research.