日语色彩词「赤い」的认知语义研究——基于大规模语料库

Cognitive Meanings Research of the Japanese Colour Term akai-Based on a Large-Scale Corpus

该文基于大规模语料库从隐喻和转喻两个角度分析日语色彩词「赤い」的语义扩展机制,研究发现:(1)「赤い」的语义扩展方向是由表达主观感觉性质的语义扩展到表达客观存在性质的语义;(2)表达主观感觉性质的语义多于表达客观存在性质的语义;(3)基于身体经验的原型义很重要,是理解扩展义的前提;(4)在认知理据方面,基于隐喻的语义扩展少于基于转喻的语义扩展;(5)语义扩展程度较高。同时,日语学习者在学习日语色彩词时,也要先找到各义项间的认知理据,重点理解和把握原型义,了解日本人认知世界的方式,才能更好地学习扩展义。

This paper investigates the semantic extension mechanisms of the Japanese colour term"akai"(red)from the perspectives of metaphor and metonymy,based on a large-scale corpus.The study reveals that:(1)the direction of semantic extension for"akai"progresses from expressing subjective sensory qualities to expressing objective existential qualities;(2)there are more semantics expressing subjective sensory qualities than those expressing objective existential qualities;(3)the prototypical meaning based on bodily experience is crucial,serving as a prerequisite for understanding extended meanings;(4)in terms of cognitive rationale,the semantic extensions based on metaphor are fewer than those based on metonymy;(5)the degree of semantic extension is relatively high.Additionally,in order to better acquire the extended meanings when learning Japanese colour terms,learners should first identify the cognitive rationale between different meanings,focusing on understanding and grasping the prototypical meaning,comprehending the Japanese people's way of perceiving the world.