民初法统之争的语境分析及法理启示

Contextual Analysis and Jurisprudential Implications of the Debate on Regime Legitimacy in the Early Years of the Republic of China

语境分析方法可以在复原观念事实的基础上,厘清规范与现实政治的关系,进而将两种视角相结合,这对于分析民国初年北洋集团与南方革命党人的法统之争至关重要。在中华民国政权的合法性来源上,学界形成了“革命建国说”与“双重法统说”两种主流观点,但并未还原清末民初的一个重大观念事实,即两种法统观或两套宪法叙事的并存,使得当下诸多研究沦为民初南北双方“站队”的复现。借助语境分析方法,可知民国初年的法统之争是二元宪法叙事的具体呈现,南北双方围绕民国政权的合法性来源、《逊位诏书》性质、政府组织形式等重大宪法问题存在两套相互排斥的叙事逻辑,这使得双方的政治妥协极其脆弱。加之南北双方政治实力的差异和政治整合能力的不足,对立的宪法叙事最终导向南北决裂的政治乱局。上述观念史实对于今天的全过程人民民主建设具有重要的法理启示,应当重视法律条文背后的共识凝聚,重视公众参与在立法过程中的作用,增强民主立法实效。

Contextual analysis can clarify the relationship between norms and realpolitik on the basis of restoring conceptual facts,and then combine the two perspectives.Such an analysis is crucial for analyzing the legitimacy of the regime of the Republic of China in its early years,on the source of which,the academic community has formed two mainstream views,namely,“revolutionary statehood”and“dual regime legitimacy”.However,these views neglect a major conceptual fact of the late Qing and early Republican period,namely,the coexistence of two legal systems or two sets of constitutional narratives.A lot of current researches are reduced to the reproduction of the“standing”of the North and the South in the early years of the Republic of China.With the help of contextual analysis,it can be seen that in the early years of the Republic of China,the debate of the regime legitimacy between the northern warlords and the southern revolutionaries is a specific presentation of the dual constitutional narratives,the nature of the“edict of abdication”,the form of governmental organization of the major constitutional issues such as the existence of two sets of mutually exclusive narrative logic.The political compromises between the North and the South was thus extremely fragile.Coupled with the difference in political power and the lack of political integration between the North and the South,the opposing constitutional narratives eventually led to the political chaos of the North-South rupture.The above conceptual history is an important jurisprudential revelation for today's construction of full-process people's democracy,which should emphasize the cohesion of consensus behind the legal provisions,the role of public participation in the legislative process,and the enhancement of the effectiveness of democratic legislation.