乡村数字经济发展对农户增收的影响研究

The Impact of Rural Digital Economic Development on Farmers’Income Growth

基于我国30个省份2014—2020年的面板数据,构建乡村数字经济评价指标体系并测算数字经济发展综合指数,运用双向固定效应模型探究数字经济对农户增收的影响。结果表明,乡村数字经济发展总体稳步上升且地区间不平衡,它对农户收入有着显著促进作用。地区和收入中位数分组的异质分析结果表明,数字经济对不同地区农户的增收作用呈现出东部弱、中西部强的特点;数字经济对低于收入中位数的农户能产生显著增收效果,而对高于收入中位数的农户增收作用不强。通过替换核心解释变量、滞后一阶控制变量及系统GMM估计等方法,证明结论稳健可靠。机制检验结果表明,发展数字经济是通过发展人力资本和农户就业创业来实现农户增收,但农业劳动生产率对提高农户收入未产生显著影响。因此,我国需要大力发展数字经济,以期加强农村地区的新型信息基础建设,加快推动农户增收。

On the basis of the panel data of 30 provinces(municipalities and districts)in China from 2014 to 2020,a rural digital economic evaluation index system is constructed,and the synthetical index of digital economic development is calculated,and the impact of digital economy on farmers’income growth is explored by applying bidirectional fixed effect model.The results show that rural digital economy is developing steadily but there is imbalance in various districts,which has a significant promotion effect on farmers’income growth.The results of the heterogeneity analysis of the median of grouped districts and farmers’income show that digital economy has a large effect on farmers’income growth in the central and western regions of China but a small effect on farmers’income growth in the eastern regions of China.Rural digital economy has a significant effect on increasing farmers’income which is less than the median of the income,but does not have a significant effect on increasing farmers’income which is more than the median of the income.The conclusion can be proved reliable by replacing core explanatory variable,lagging control variable with one period,and adopting system GMM estimation method.The results of mechanism test show that developing rural digital economy can improve farmers’income through developing human capital and farmers’entrepreneurship and employment,but the productivity of agricultural labor has less significant effect on farmers’income growth.Therefore,China should endeavor to develop digital economy,so as to enhance the new-type information infrastructure construction to promote farmers’income growth.