黄河流域十大孔兑野生种子植物区系组成及特征研究

Study on the Flora Composition and Characteristics of the Ten Tributaries Wild Seed Plants in the Yellow River Basin

由于十大孔兑所处地理位置特殊(上游为丘陵沟壑区,中游为风沙区,下游为平原区),导致其生态类型复杂多样,而植被是表观生态系统特征的重要组分。该文进行大量野外实地调查并结合文献查阅,对十大孔兑野生种子植物进行调查、统计,同时对区域内植物的种类组成、水分生态类型、生活型以及种的地理成分和资源价值进行分析。结果表明:①十大孔兑地域共有野生种子植物278种,隶属于55科,180属;其中裸子植物3科,3属,4种;被子植物52科,177属,274种。②植物水分生态类型以中生植物为主;生活型以草本植物为主,区系中种的地理成分较为复杂,以东古北极分布种最多,反映了研究植物区域生境类型多样及地域性强的特征。③植物资源价值以药用植物资源较丰富,其次是植物蛋白和氨基酸植物资源。珍稀濒危保护植物5种,其中国家Ⅱ级保护植物3种。十大孔兑位于黄河流域中上游,关乎黄河流域安全发展,而植被特征可以直接反映生态系统的稳定性,在今后对十大孔兑生态评价过程中,可以定期进行植被情况调查,据此科学地判断十大孔兑生态恢复境况,并借此完善黄河流域种子植物资源数据库。

The upper reaches of Ten Tributaries are hilly and gully areas,the middle reaches are sand-blown areas,and the lower reaches are plain areas.Due to the special geographical location,the ecological types of Ten Tributaries are complex and diverse.Vegetation is an important component of apparent ecosystem characteristics.Therefore,in this paper,field investigation and literature review were used to investigate and make statistics on the wild seed plants in the Ten Tributaries region,and the species composition,water ecological type,life type,geographical composition of species and resource value of the plants in the region were analyzed.The results showed that:①There were 278 species of wild seed plants belonging to 55 families and 180 genera in the ten regions;Gymnosperms include 3 families,3 genera,4 species;Angiosperms contain 52 families,177 genera,and 274 species.②The water ecological types of plants are mainly mesophytes,and the life types are mainly herbaceous.The geographical components of species in the flora are relatively complex,with the most species distributed in the Eastern Arctic,which reflects the characteristics of diverse habitat types and strong regionalism in the study plant area.③The value of plant resources is rich in medicinal plants,followed by plant protein and amino acid plants.5 kinds rare and endangered protected plants,including 3 kinds of national Class II protected plants.The Ten Tributaries are located in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin,which is related to the safe development of the Yellow River basin,and the vegetation characteristics can directly reflect the stability of the ecosystem.In the future ecological evaluation process of the Ten Tributaries,the vegetation situation can be regularly investigated,according to which the ecological restoration situation of the ten pores can be scientifically judged,and the seed plant resource database of the Yellow River Basin can be improved.