黄河流域十大孔兑水土保持生态现状和现存问题及对策探讨

Discussion on the Ecological Status,Existing Problems,and Countermeasures of Soil and Water Conservation in the Ten Tributaries of the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域十大孔兑经过40多年的水土保持综合治理,有效减缓了水土流失现象,改善了生态环境,减少了入黄泥沙量。以1985年为基准年,通过近期野外调查十大孔兑水土流失治理现状,总结目前的治理技术、经验及现存的问题,并提出对策建议。①经过工程措施、植物措施和封育治理相结合的沟坡兼治,十大孔兑上中游丘沙区各项水土保持措施治理保存面积为565.28 km 2,上中游丘沙区治理度总体为32.79%,水土流失面积减少了50%(与2011年相比);②十大孔兑仍然生态脆弱,水土流失老问题有待进一步解决,当地群众参与积极性有待提高,林草后期管护力度明显不足;③建议今后将生态惠民措施落到实处,增加后期管护资金投入,优化不同类型分区水土保持措施配置,加大重点孔兑淤地坝建设力度,有序开展孔兑下游河道清淤工程,解决悬河与泥沙资源化利用问题,加强监测、科学研究等工作。

After more than 40 years of comprehensive soil and water conservation management,the ten tributaries in the Yellow River Basin have effectively slowed down soil erosion,improved the ecological environment,and reduced the amount of sediment entering the Yellow River.This article takes 1985 as the benchmark year.Through recent field investigations on the current situation of soil erosion control in the top ten tributaries,it summarizes the current control technology,experience,and existing problems,and proposes countermeasures and suggestions.①Through the combination of engineering measures,vegetation measures,and enclosure management,the gully and slope management has been carried out.The various soil and water conservation measures in the upper and middle reaches of the top ten tributaries have managed and preserved an area of 565.28km 2.The overall control degree of the upper and middle reaches of the dune sand area is 32.79%,and the soil and water loss area has been reduced by 50%(compared to 2011);②The ecology of the top ten rivers is still fragile,and the old problem of soil erosion needs to be further solved.The enthusiasm of local people to participate needs to be improved,and the management and protection of forests and grass in the later stage is significantly insufficient;③It is recommended to implement ecological measures for the benefit of the people in the future,increase investment in later management and protection funds,optimize the allocation of soil and water conservation measures in different types of zones,increase the construction of key river silt dams,orderly carry out downstream river dredging projects,solve the problems of suspended rivers and sediment resource utilization,and strengthen monitoring,scientific research,and other work.