清代诗学的历史演进与诗社活动的实践价值

The Historical Evolution of Qing Dynasty Poetics and the Practical Value of Poem Societies Activities

考察清代诗社诗学的历史演进,应将其与清代主流诗学的代变沿革统合观照。清代主流诗学发展的第一阶段是钱谦益与王士祯诗学对明代的反思总结及其对清代诗学格局的启创,第二阶段是叶燮与沈德潜以其“诗教极则”的主张使儒家诗道诗学达到了新的高度,第三阶段是纪昀与袁枚诗学的迭次勃兴。在此代变视阈中观照清代诗社可以发现,清代诗社诗学意涵持续弱化。清代诗社大体分为搢绅士大夫诗社与布衣诗社。诗社活动在庙堂诗学与基层诗学交流融漾形成某一时期诗学氛围方面的历史作用有着独特的实践价值。

To investigate the historical evolution of the poetics of the poetry society in Qing Dynasty,we should combine it with the change and evolution of the mainstream poetics in Qing Dynasty.The development of the mainstream poetics of the Qing Dynasty is firstly Qian Qianyi and Wang Shizhen’s reflection and summary of the Ming Dynasty and the creation of the pattern of the Qing Dynasty’s poetics.In the second stage,Ye Xie and Shen Deqian made the Confucian poetics reach a new height with their“extreme principle of poetry teaching”.In the third stage,Ji Yun and Yuan Mei’s poetics flourished again and again.It can be found that the significance of poetry society in Qing Dynasty has been weakening continuously.In combination with the reality of the poetry society in the Qing Dynasty,the activities of the poetry society have a historical role in the exchange of temple poetry and primary poetry,forming a poetic atmosphere in a certain period,which has a practical value incomparable to that of the previous generation.