饲粮添加胆碱对28~70日龄马冈鹅生产性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标及脂质代谢的影响

Effects of Choline Supplementation on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices and Liver Lipid Metabolism of Magang Geese during 28 to 70 Days of Age

本试验旨在探究饲粮添加胆碱对28~70日龄马冈鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标及脂质代谢的影响。挑选432只健康的28日龄马冈鹅公鹅,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-玉米淀粉-玉米蛋白粉型半纯合饲粮,胆碱含量为385 mg/kg),试验组则在基础饲粮的基础上分别添加300、600、900、1200和1500 mg/kg胆碱(胆碱等量取代预混料中的膨润土载体)。试验期43 d(28~70日龄)。结果显示:1)饲粮胆碱添加水平对马冈鹅28~70日龄阶段的平均末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量均无显著影响(P>0.05);300 mg/kg添加组料重比显著低于1200和1500 mg/kg添加组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮胆碱添加水平对70日龄马冈鹅的全净膛率、半净膛率和屠宰率无显著影响(P>0.05);300 mg/kg添加组的胸肌率显著高于对照组和1500 mg/kg组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮胆碱添加水平对血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性无显著影响(P>0.05);300和1200 mg/kg添加组的血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,900 mg/kg添加组血清和肝脏甘油三酯(TG)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);600 mg/kg添加组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著高于其余各组(P<0.05),肝脏HDL-C含量显著低于对照组和300 mg/kg添加组(P<0.05),而肝脏低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著高于对照组和300 mg/kg添加组(P<0.05)。4)900 mg/kg添加组肝脏乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)mRNA相对表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),肉碱棕榈酰转移酶-1A(CPT1-A)mRNA相对表达显著高于其余各组(P<0.05),过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组和300、1500 mg/kg添加组(P<0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,在玉米-玉米淀粉-玉米蛋白粉型半纯合饲粮(胆碱含量385 mg/kg)中添加300 mg/kg胆碱可降低28~70日龄马冈鹅的料重比,提高胸肌率;添加900 mg/kg胆碱可降低70日龄马冈鹅血清和肝脏中TG含量,提高肝脏中PPARα、CPT1-A mRNA相对表达量。若考虑生产性能,建议28~70日龄马冈鹅饲粮中胆碱添加量为300 mg/kg,此时饲粮中胆碱实际含量为685 mg/kg。

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of choline supplementation on the growth performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indices and liver lipid metabolism of Magang geese during 28 to 70 days of age.A total of 432 healthy 28-day-old Magang gander geese of similar body weight were randomly divided into six groups,each with six replicates and twelve geese per replicate.The geese in the control group were fed a basal diet(corn-corn starch-corn gluten meal type semi-purified diet,choline content was 385 mg/kg).Others in the five experimental groups received a basal diet supplemented with 300,600,900,1200 and 1500 mg/kg choline(choline was added to the basal diet by replacing the bentonite carrier in the premix in equal amount),respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 days(from 28 to 70 days of age).The results showed as follows:1)dietary choline supplemental level had no significant effects on the average final weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of geese aged 28 to 70 days(P>0.05).But the feed/gain ratio in the 300 mg/kg choline supplementation group was significantly lower than that in the 1200 and 1500 mg/kg choline supplementation groups(P<0.05).2)Dietary choline supplemental level had no significant effects on the eviscerated percentage,semi-eviscerated percentage and dressing percentage of 70-day-old Magang geese(P>0.05),and the breast muscle percentage in 300 mg/kg choline supplementation group was significantly higher than that in the control group and 1500 mg/kg choline supplementation group(P<0.05).3)Dietary choline supplemental level had no significant effects on the ser-um glucose(GLU)content and alanine transaminase(ALT)activity of 70-day-old Magang geese(P>0.05),while the serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity was significantly lower in the 300 and 1200 mg/kg choline supplementation groups than that in the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,the 900 mg/kg choline supplementation group had significantly lower serum and liver triglyceride(TG)content than that in the control group(P<0.05);the 600 mg/kg choline supplementation group had significantly higher serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)content than that in the other groups(P<0.05).The HDL-C content in the 600 mg/kg choline group was significantly lower than that in the control group and 300 mg/kg choline supple-mentation group(P<0.05),while the liver low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)content was signifi-cantly higher than that in the control group and 300 mg/kg choline supplementation group(P<0.05).4)The mRNA relative expression level of hepatic acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC)in the 900 mg/kg choline supplementation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),the mRNA relative ex-pression level of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1-A(CPT1-A)was significantly higher than that in the remaining groups(P<0.05),and the mRNA relative expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated re-ceptorα(PPARα)was significantly higher than in the control group,300 and 1500 mg/kg choline supple-mentation groups(P<0.05).In summary,from 28 to 70 days of age,adding 300 mg/kg choline to a corn-corn starch-corn gluten meal type semi-purified diet(choline content is 385 mg/kg)can reduce the feed/gain ratio and increase the breast muscle percentage of Magang geese;a supplemental level of 900 mg/kg choline can cause the up-regulation of PPARαand CPT1-A mRNA expression levels and decrease the content of serum and liver TG of 70-day-old Magang geese.Take performance into account,it is recommended that the choline supplemental level in the diet of Magang goose during 28 to 70 days of age is 300 mg/kg,that is the actual content of choline in the diet is 685 mg/kg.