牛磺酸对高温胁迫下7日龄意大利蜜蜂工蜂生理功能的影响

Effects of Taurine on Physiological Function of 7⁃Day⁃Old Apis mellifera ligustica Workers under High Temperature Stress

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平牛磺酸对高温胁迫下7日龄意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)工蜂寿命、体重、采食量、免疫力、抗氧化能力和中肠发育的影响。选取意大利蜜蜂1日龄工蜂1500只,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复100只。3组工蜂分别饲喂牛磺酸添加水平为0(对照组)、0.2%、0.4%的试验饲粮,在恒温恒湿箱(34℃,相对湿度为70%)中饲养至7日龄。对7日龄工蜂进行高温胁迫(42℃,相对湿度为70%),高温胁迫后记录各组工蜂的存活天数,测定高温胁迫24 h工蜂的体成分、血淋巴生化指标、蜂体免疫和抗氧化指标,并观察中肠发育情况。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.2%和0.4%的牛磺酸均显著提高了1~7日龄工蜂的采食量和高温胁迫下工蜂的平均寿命(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.2%的牛磺酸显著提高了工蜂的7日龄体重(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.4%的牛磺酸显著提高了高温胁迫24 h下7日龄工蜂的粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05);饲粮中添加0.2%的牛磺酸显著提高了高温胁迫24 h下7日龄工蜂的粗脂肪含量(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.2%和0.4%的牛磺酸均显著降低了高温胁迫24 h下7日龄工蜂血淋巴中总胆固醇(TCHO)和甘油三酯(TG)含量(P<0.05),显著增加了血淋巴中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.2%和0.4%的牛磺酸均显著提高了高温胁迫24 h下7日龄工蜂蜂体的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性(P<0.05),并显著提高了高温胁迫24 h下7日龄工蜂的中肠肠壁厚度(P<0.05)。综上可知,饲粮中适量添加牛磺酸对高温胁迫下7日龄意大利蜜蜂工蜂的生长发育、寿命、免疫和抗氧化能力均有一定的改善作用。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of diet supplemented with different levels of taurine on lifetime,body weight,feed intake,immunity,antioxidant capacity and midgut development of worker bees of 7-day-old Apis mellifera ligustica workers under high temperature stress.A total of 1500 new e-merged adult worker bees(1-day-old)were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates of 100 bees per replicate.The bees were reared in a constant temperature and humidity chamber(34℃,70%relative humidi-ty)to 7 days of age and fed experimental diets supplemented with 0(control group),0.2%and 0.4%taurine,respectively.The 7-day-old worker bees were subjected to high temperature stress(42℃,70%relative humid-ity),and then the survival days was recorded after high temperature stress,the body composition,hemolymph biochemical indexes,body immune and antioxidant indexes of 7-day-old worker bees were measured and the midgut development was observed.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,dieta-ry with taurine supplementation(both 0.2%and 0.4%)significantly increased the feed intake of worker bees at 1 to 7 days of age and the average lifetime of worker bees under high temperature stress(P<0.05).2)Com-pared with the control group,dietary with 0.2%taurine supplementation significantly increased the body weight of 7-day-old worker bees(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,dietary with 0.4%taurine supple-mentation significantly increased the body crude protein(CP)content(P<0.05),and 0.2%taurine supple-mentation significantly increased the body crude fat(CF)content of 7-day-old worker bees exposed to high temperature for 24 h(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,dietary with taurine supplementation(both 0.2%and 0.4%)significantly decreased the contents of hemolymph total cholesterol(TCHO)and tri-glyceride(TG)(P<0.05),and significantly increased the contents of hemolymph total protein(TP),albu-min(ALB)and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)of 7-day-old worker bees exposed to high temperature for 24 h(P<0.05).5)Dietary with taurine supplementation(both 0.2%and 0.4%)significantly increased the activities of body acid phosphatase(ACP),lysozyme(LZM),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxide enzyme(POD)of 7-day-old worker bees exposed to high temperature for 24 h compared with the control group(P<0.05),as well as the midgut wall thickness(P<0.05).In conclusion,the appropriate supplementa-tion of taurine can improve the growth and development,lifetime,immunity and antioxidant capacity of 7-day-old Apis mellifera ligustica workers under high temperature stress.