基于Meta分析评估豆粕替代品对猪生长性能的影响

Effects of Soybean Meal Substitutes on Pig Growth Performance Based on Meta⁃Analysis

为加快豆粕(SBM)减量替代行动,确保畜禽产品供给,应挖掘利用替代资源,进一步减少饲粮SBM用量,这对畜牧业蓬勃发展有重要意义。本研究基于R语言的Meta分析,从断奶期、生长期和育肥期3个阶段,对不同猪用SBM替代品对猪生长性能的影响进行了总体评估。结果表明:1)在断奶期,菜籽粕的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)均大于动物蛋白粉,分别提高了4.85和170.04 g,但无显著影响(P>0.05)。断奶猪的ADG与ADFI呈极显著正相关(r=0.658,P<0.01),料重比(F/G)与ADG呈负相关(r=-0.172,P>0.05),F/G与ADFI呈负相关(r=-0.125,P>0.05)。2)在生长期,与棉籽粕和其他植物蛋白粉相比,菜籽粕可以显著提高ADG(P<0.05)。菜籽粕、棉籽粕和植物蛋白粉的ADFI无显著差异(P>0.05),菜籽粕和棉籽粕的F/G无显著差异(P>0.05)。ADG与ADFI呈极显著正相关(r=0.717,P<0.01),F/G与ADG呈负相关(r=-0.070,P>0.05),F/G与ADFI呈极显著正相关(r=0.609,P<0.01)。3)在育肥期,与其他植物蛋白粉相比,菜籽粕、棉籽粕的ADG显著升高(P<0.05),与动物蛋白粉无显著差异(P>0.05)。菜籽粕、动物蛋白粉和其他植物蛋白粉的ADFI无显著差异(P>0.05)。菜籽粕和其他植物蛋白粉的F/G无显著差异(P>0.05)。ADG与ADFI呈极显著正相关(r=0.658,P<0.01),F/G与ADG呈显著负相关(r=-0.349,P<0.05),F/G与ADFI呈极显著负相关(r=-0.526,P<0.01)。由此可见,在断奶期和生长期,菜籽粕替代SBM能改善猪的生长性能;在育肥期,菜籽粕和棉籽粕替代SBM有利于猪育肥性能的提高。

In order to accelerate the reduction and substitution of soybean meal(SBM)and ensure the supply of livestock and poultry products,we should excavate and utilize alternative resources to further reduce the a-mount of feed SBM,which is of great significance to the vigorous development of animal husbandry.A Meta-analysis based on R language was conducted to evaluate the overall effects of different SBM substitutes on pig growth performance from three stages of weaning,growing and finishing.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of rapeseed meal were higher than those of animal protein meal during weaning period,which increased by 4.85 and 170.04 g,respectively,but with-out significant difference(P>0.05).ADG of weaned pigs was positively correlated with ADFI(r=0.658,P<0.01),while the feed to gain ratio(F/G)was negatively correlated with ADG(r=-0.172,P>0.05)and F/G was negatively correlated with ADFI(r=-0.125,P>0.05).2)Compared with cottonseed meal and oth-er plant protein meal,rapeseed meal significantly increased ADG in the growing period(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in ADFI among rapese-based meal,cottonseed meal and plant protein meal(P>0.05),and there was no significant difference in F/G between rapese-based meal and cottonseed meal(P>0.05).ADG was positively correlated with ADFI(r=0.717,P<0.01),F/G was negatively correlated with ADG(r=-0.070,P>0.05),and F/G was positively correlated with ADFI(r=0.609,P<0.01).3)In the fattening stage,the ADG of rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal was significantly higher than that of other plant protein meal(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal and animal protein meal(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in ADFI among canola meal,animal protein meal and other plant protein meal(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in F/G between cano-la meal and other plant protein meal(P>0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between ADG and ADFI(r=0.658,P<0.01),and a significant negative correlation between F/G and ADG(r=-0.349,P<0.05),and a significant negative correlation between F/G and ADFI(r=-0.526,P<0.01).In conclusion,rapeseed meal instead of SBM can improve the growth performance of pigs during weaning and growing peri-ods.During the fattening period,the replacement of SBM with rapeseed meal and cotton meal is beneficial to the improvement of pig fattening performance.