基于SUBOFF模型的轻质量小型超高速水下航行体的外形结构参数优化

Optimization on Shape Parameter of Light-weight Small Ultra-high Speed Underwater Vehicle Based on SUBOFF Model

超高速航行体的外形结构是水介质阻力的主要影响因素。在航行体最大直径50 mm、材料45#钢(密度7.85 g/cm^(3))、质量1.0~1.2 kg的限定条件下,基于SUBOFF模型通过粒子群优化算法获得航行体首部、中间和尾部3部分长度范围均为30~40 mm;采用数值模拟和理论分析相结合的研究方法分析了结构参数对航行速度和流阻系数的影响,结果表明当中间长度为30 mm、首部长度为35~40 mm、尾部长度为30 mm和40 mm时,航行速度衰减缓慢,流阻系数较小;采用Design-Expert软件对外形结构参数进一步优化,方差分析表明首部、中间和尾部长度3个因素敏感性次序为首部长度>尾部长度>中间长度,通过响应面分析得到最佳外形结构参数组合为首部长度40 mm、中间长度30 mm、尾部长度30 mm,经验证其流阻系数(2.53×10^(4))最小,优化结果合理。轻质量小型航行体首部、中间和尾部3部分长度对流阻系数的影响相互交互,结构优化时应综合考虑各部分长度。研究结果可为轻质量小型水下航行体外形结构优化设计提供参考。

The shape structure of ultra-high-speed vehicle is the main influencing factor of water medium resistance.Under the limited conditions of a maximum diameter of 50 mm of the navigation body,material being 45#steel(density of 7.85 g/cm^(3)),and the mass range of 1.0-1.2 kg,the length range of the head,middle and tail parts of the vehicle was 30-40 mm through the particle swarm optimization algorithm based on SUBOFF model.The influence of the structural parameters on navigation speed and flow resistance was analyzed throng numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.The results showed that when the middle length was 30 mm,the head length was 35-40 mm,and the tail length was 30 mm or 40 mm,sailing speed decayed slowly and the flow resistance coefficient was small.Design-Expert software was used to further optimize the shape parameters.Analysis of variance showed that sensitivity order of the three factors of head,middle,and tail length was head length>tail length>middle length.The optimal structural parameters obtained through response surface analysis were the head length of 40 mm,the middle length of 30 mm,and the tail length of 30 mm.After verification,its flow resistance coefficient was the smallest(2.53×10^(4))and the optimized results were reasonable.Overall,the influence of the length of the head,middle and tail of the lightweight small vehicle on the flow resistance coefficient was interactive.When optimizing the structure,the length of each part should be comprehensively considered.This research results can provide reference for the structure optimization and design of light-weight small navigation vehicle.