不同种植模式下玉米农田地膜残留污染特征与防控技术建议

Characteristics of Mulch Residue Pollution and Prevention and Control Technology in Corn Farmland under Different Planting Modes

地膜在我国实现农业高质量发展中发挥重要作用,但由于地膜使用初期“重使用、轻回收”导致一场“白色革命”逐步演变成了白色污染,严重影响生态环境。本研究系统总结了甘肃省12个玉米主产区地膜监测点农田残膜污染特征,结果显示,灌区玉米农田地膜残留量较大、残膜碎片化严重,且地区差异大,建议通过实地验证选用适宜的生物降解膜,或采用半膜覆盖栽培技术配套耙齿式残膜回收机,做好秋收后地膜回收。旱作区玉米农田地膜残留量小、碎片化程度低,地区间差异较小,建议推广使用加厚高强度地膜配套一膜两年用技术,选用滚筒式残膜回收机或小型土壤残膜清理机具,在春耕前完成地膜清理与回收。

Plastic film plays an important role in the realization of high-quality agricultural development in China,but due to the initial"heavy use and light recycling"of plastic film,a"white revolution"gradually evolved into"white pollution",seriously affecting the ecological environment.This study system summarizes the 12 corn film sites in Gansu province farmland film pollution characteristics,the results show that the irrigation corn farmland film residue is larger,the film fragmentation is serious,and the regional difference,suggested through the field validation to choose suitable biodegradable film,or adopt half film covering cultivation technology supporting rake tooth film recovery machine,completes the film after the autumn harvest.In dry farming areas,the residual amount of plastic film is small and low in the degree of fragmentation,and the regional differences are small.It is suggested to promote the technology of thickened high-strength plastic film supporting one film for two years,choose drum type residual film recovery machine or small soil residual film cleaning machine,and complete the plastic film cleaning and recovery before spring ploughing.