三峡外迁移民分散安置与集中安置的社会融合比较

Social integration comparison of relocation and centralized resettlement of resettlers in Three Gorges

针对苏皖地区三峡外迁移民,运用访谈法调查分析了集中安置和分散安置两种模式下的移民社会融合状况。研究发现,两种安置模式下移民在经济融合、文化融合、社会关系融合以及身份认同方面存在明显差异,分散安置移民在搬迁初期缺少原有社会关系网络的支持,其相对剥夺感和特殊公民心态更加强烈,其与当地人互动的失败对移民心理产生了长期影响;与分散安置移民相比,集中安置移民区形成的移民亚文化阻碍了文化融合,这些因素导致两种安置模式移民社会融合效果产生差异。建议后续从开展社区活动、定期走访慰问、加大扶持落实力度等方面着手,促进移民社会融合。

Based on the survey of the resettlers from the Three Gorges region in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces,this paper analyzes the social integration of resettlers under the two modes of centralized resettlement and decentralized resettlement by using the interview method.The study found that there were significant differences in economic integration,cultural integration,social relationship integration and identity between the two resettlement modes.The decentralized resettlement resettlers lack the support of the original social network at the initial stage of relocation,and their sense of relative deprivation and special citizen mentality are stronger,the failure of interaction with local people has a long-term impact on the psychology of resettlers;Compared with the decentralized resettlement,the immigrant subculture formed in the centralized resettlement areas hinders cultural integration.These factors lead to the difference of social integration effect between the two resettlement modes.In the follow-up support period,we should carry out more community activities,conduct more visiting and comforting,and strengthen the implementation of support to promote the social integration of resettlers.