黄河几字弯水网:南水北调西线配套东延工程构想

Jiziwan water network in the Yellow River Basin:conceptualizing the east extensionproject of the west route of the South-to-North Water Diversion

黄河几字弯区是黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略实施的核心区,但区域发展长期受到水资源短缺的严重制约。提出的黄河几字弯水网构想是借助南水北调西线调水入洮河的方案,充分利用洮河与黄河几字弯区高程差,以隧洞形式穿越洮河与渭河分水岭,向陇东黄土高原等地区延伸,全程自流引水到几字弯中部白于山高地,形成人工“水脊”,并以此为轴线,东、北、南自流辐射三大发展带,由此形成“一轴三带十片”黄河几字弯水网整体框架。按照供水目标分级规划、分步实施的思想,推荐适宜调水规模为25亿~54亿m^(3)。黄河几字弯水网是南水北调西线配套东延工程构想,是对南水北调西线配套工程的优化完善,可以实现高水高用、专线专用,还可以打通南水北调西线输水“渭河通道”,实现“三线配水”的优化格局,并通过引汉济渭工程与南水北调中线“互补互济”,提高南水北调中线受水区和几字弯区供水保障率。建设黄河几字弯水网对系统破解区域水资源制约问题,促进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展具有重要意义。

The Jiziwan is the core area for the implementation of major national strategies of the ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.However,regional development of Jiziwan has been severely restricted by the shortage of water resources for a long time.The proposed scheme of the Jiziwan water network of the Yellow River is to transfer water into the Taohe River with the help of the west route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.By taking full use of the elevation difference between the Taohe River and the Jiziwan area of the Yellow River,it will traverse the Taohe River and Weihe River watershed in the form of tunnels and extend to Loess Plateau and other areas.The whole process of artesian water is diverted to the highland of the Baiyu Mountain in the middle part of the Jiziwan,forming an artificial“water ridge”.Taking it as the axis,the artesian flow radiates respectively to east,north and south for the three major development zones,successively crossing the natural river systems such as the Weihe River and its tributaries Xianhe,Sandu,Nanhe and Hulu rivers,and Puhe and Malian rivers as tributaries of the Jinghe River,as well as Qingshui,Tianshui,Beiluo,Wuding and Yanhe rivers,forming the overall framework of the Jiziwan water network with“one axis,three belts and ten areas”.According to the idea of water supply target hierarchical planning and step-by-step implementation,the appropriate water diversion scale is proposed to be 2.5 to 5.4 billion m 3.The Jiziwan water network of the Yellow River is a supporting concept for the east extension of the west route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,which is an improvement of the west route plan.It can achieve high water high use and dedicated line dedicated use,and can also open up the“Weihe River Channel”for water delivery on the west route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,realizing the optimized pattern of“three-line water distribution”.Through the“complementary and mutual-aid”between the Water Diversion Project from Han River to Weihe River and the middle line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the water supply guarantee rate in the receiving area of the middle line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and the Jiziwan area will be improved.The construction of the Jiziwan water network of the Yellow River is of great significance to systematically solve the problem of regional water resource constraints and promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.