老城街巷空间尺度感知的测度研究——以三眼井胡同和砖塔胡同为例

Study on Measurements of Spatial Scale Perception in Old City Streets and Alleys:Taking Sanyanjing Hutong and Zhuanta Hutong as Examples

老城街巷的建造对应着生活于其中的人的行为方式;其建造规则形成的空间尺度,构成了老城建成环境的感知对象,如北京胡同的空间尺度构成了感知老城历史文化的核心。为凸显并延续老城独特的历史文化,北京老城街巷的保护,已由实体形态的静态维护向街巷空间的动态更新转变,空间尺度的管控由此成为持续动态更新的基础。不同于可直接量化的空间尺寸,蕴含着建造规则的空间尺度体现在人的主观感受上,且与感知主体的行为速度紧密相关;同时空间尺度亦有其构成的要素和规则。因此,将聚焦于空间尺度建构规则的前导部分,即针对空间尺度主观感受的测度展开研究,并将感知的尺度对等限定在街巷建构时的步行环境中。基于此,选取了北京老城中具有代表性的两条居住型胡同,通过空间数据扫描和要素萃取的方法,在量化建模的平台上开展结合心理认知的虚拟现实实验,以期获得步行速度下空间尺度构成规则的测度方法。

The construction of streets and alleys in old cities corresponds to the behavior of folks living there,and the spatial scales arised from their construction rules generates the perception object of built environments in old cities,for example,the spatial scales of Beijing’s hutongs constitute the core of perceiving the history and culture of the old city.With the improvement of preservation of Beijing’s old city streets and alleys,to highlight and perpetuat the unique history and culture of the old city,the static maintenance to existing physical forms of the old city has been transfoomed to the dynamic renewal of street space,the control of spatial scales has thus become the basis for continuous dynamic renewal.Unlike directly quantifiable spatial dimensions,spatial scales which contain construction rules,are reflected in folk’s subjective perception and have close relations with the speed of the perceiving subject’s behavior;sinultaneously,spatial scales also have their constituent elements and rules.The leading part of the construction rules of spatial scales was focused,i.e.,the measurement of the subjective perception for spatial scales was studied,and the perceived scales were restricted in the pedestrian environment of street construction.Based on that,two representative residential hutongs in the old city of Beijing were selected as research objects,and virtual reality experiments combined with psychological cognition were conducted on the platform of quantitative modeling through spatial data scanning and element extraction,in order to obtain the measurement for construction rules of spatial scales at walking speed.