文化旅游产业政策量化评价——2009—2021年政策样本的实证

Quantitative Evaluation of Cultural and Tourism Industry Policies Based on Policy Samples from 2009 to 2021

产业政策对产业高质量可持续发展起到关键作用,政策评价则是对政策制定或实施效果的测度,是政策供给端(政府)政策制定与优化的重要依据,同时也是政策需求端(企业)制定发展规划的有效参考。鉴于此,试图以2009年至2021年的68项文化旅游产业政策文本为研究对象,对其进行文本定性分析,并运用PMC模型进行政策量化评价。结果发现,政策发文主体分布体现了国家统筹及文化旅游部的主导作用与主体地位,政策发文数量可划分为探索阶段的初始增长期、推动阶段的稳步增长期、提升阶段的快速增长期三个阶段,政策文本高频词呈现“旅游→文化→文化+旅游”的变化;文化旅游产业政策设计较合理,充分说明政府对文化旅游产业政策顶层设计的重视;同时文化旅游产业政策尚存较大优化空间,主要体现为政策受体较窄、政策工具运用存在结构性失衡、政策激励存在不足、市场优化的内容体现不足等。基于以上,提出以产业政策设计为核心的的政策优化构想,以合理规避文化旅游产业政策体系现存问题。

Industrial policy plays a crucial role in the high-quality and sustainable development of industries,and policy evaluation is a measure of the effectiveness of policy formulation or implementation,and also is an important basis for the policy supply side(government)to formulate and optimize policies,and also an effective reference for the policy demand side(enterprise)to formulate development plans.This paper tries to take 68 cultural tourism industry policy texts from 2009 to 2021 as the research object to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of texts,and use PMC model to conduct quantitative evaluation of policies.The results show that,firstly,the distribution of policy issuers reflects the leading role and status of the national overall planning and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,and the number of policy issue can be divided into three stages:exploratory growth stage,steady growth stage and rapid growth stage.The high-frequency words in policy texts show a change of“tourism→culture→culture+tourism”.Secondly,the policy design of cultural tourism industry is reasonable,which fully shows that the government attaches great importance to the top-level design of cultural tourism industry policy.Finally,there is still much room for improvement in the policies of cultural tourism industry,mainly reflected in narrow policy receptors,structural imbalance in the use of policy tools,insufficient policy incentives,and insufficient content of market optimization and so on.Based on the above,this paper puts forward a policy optimization concept with industrial policy design as the core in order to reasonably avoid the problems existing in the policy system of cultural tourism industry.