厚皮甜瓜种质资源果实性状的综合分析及评价

Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of fruit traits of muskmelon germplasm resources

为筛选优质的厚皮甜瓜种质资源,对141份厚皮甜瓜材料的29个果实性状进行了遗传多样性指数分析、变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,29个果实性状包括15个质量性状和14个数量性状,其遗传多样性指数平均值分别为0.90、2.01,14个数量性状的变异系数为21.18%,表明其具有丰富的遗传多样性。各数量性状间存在复杂的相关关系,其中果实横径和种腔横径均与中心可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关,单果质量与单株产量、千粒重呈极显著正相关,与中心可溶性固形物含量、种形指数呈显著正相关,表明果实的农艺性状与果实的品质、产量具有关联性。主成分分析结果表明,厚皮甜瓜种质资源果实性状的绝大部分信息包含在前4个主成分因子中,累积贡献率为78.39%;综合评价结果表明,SL42、SL29、2020 T 20、SL90、SL75的表现最好。聚类分析将141份厚皮甜瓜种质资源划分为7个品种群,分别包含4、2、1、48、7、6、73份种质。综上,参试的厚皮甜瓜种质资源果实遗传多样性丰富,各类群特征和优点突出,对品种改良和大面积推广种植具有指导意义。

In order to screen high-quality muskmelon germplasm resources,genetic diversity index analysis,variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 29 characters of 141 muskmelon germplasm resources.The results showed that the average genetic diversity index of 15 quality traits and 14 quantitative traits were 0.90 and 2.01,respectively,and the coefficient of variation of 14 quantitative traits was 21.18%,indicating that it had more abundant genetic diversity.There is a complex interrelationship between various quantitative traits,with both fruit diameter and seed cavity diameter showing a highly significant positive correlation with the central soluble solid content,single fruit weight showing a highly significant positive correlation with single plant yield and thousand grain weight,and a significant positive correlation with the central soluble solid content and seed shape index,indicating a correlation between fruit traits and fruit quality and yield.The principal component analysis showed that the vast majority of information on fruit traits of muskmelon germplasm resources is contained in the first four principal component factors,with a cumulative contribution rate of 78.39%.The comprehensive evalua-tion results showed that SL 42,SL 29,2020 T 20,SL 90,and SL 75 performed the best.The cluster analysis results showed that 141 muskmelon germplasm resources can be divided into 7 variety groups,including 4,2,1,48,7,6,and 73 germplasm.In summary,the tested muskmelon germplasm resources have rich genetic diversity in fruits,prominent char-acteristics and advantages of various groups,and have guiding significance for breeding improvement and large-scale pro-motion of planting.