原位发酵猪粪肥对土壤微生物及黄瓜生产的影响

Effects of pig-manure fertilizer from in-situ fermentation on soil microorganisms and cucumber production

为探究原位发酵猪粪肥对土壤微生物及作物生产的影响,采用基肥配施不同的原位发酵猪粪肥进行设施黄瓜生产,通过测定黄瓜产量和品质、土壤微生物数量和酶活性等指标,调查黄瓜霜霉病发生状况,探索其对提高黄瓜产量、品质和防控霜霉病的效果。结果显示,全量施用原位发酵猪粪肥处理黄瓜霜霉病病情指数为6.30,比不施用粪肥处理降低78.71%,霜霉病进一步发展后不施用原位发酵猪粪肥处理的黄瓜叶片失绿,小区(30 m^(2))产量仅为167.67 kg,全量施用原位发酵猪粪肥处理的小区产量为297.40 kg,比不施粪肥处理的产量提高了77.37%。全量施用原位发酵猪粪肥黄瓜维生素C含量为18.95mg·100g^(-1),硝酸盐含量为73.02mg·kg^(-1),与不施用处理相比,维生素C含量提高34.11%,硝酸盐含量降低13.42%。同时,全量施用原位发酵猪粪肥可显著提高土壤微生物量和过氧化氢酶活性,但对土壤脲酶活性没有显著影响。全量、半量粪肥、不施用粪肥土壤微生物量碳含量分别为292.87、252.62、122.78 mg·kg^(-1)。试验连续3个生长季施用全量原位发酵猪粪肥,可有效控制黄瓜霜霉病的发生,提高黄瓜的产量和品质,研究结果为原位发酵猪粪肥用于作物生产提供基础依据。

Designed base application of pig-manure fertilizer from in-situ fermentation with different levels to explore the effects on soil microorganisms and yields.We analyzed the yields and qualities of cucumber,microorganisms and enzyme activity in soil,as well as the occurrence of cucumber downy mildew.The results showed that,full-using pig-manure fertilizer from in-situ fermentation compared with no application,the disease index of cucumber downy mildew was 6.30,78.71%reduction compared to non pig-manure fertilizer.After the further development of downy mildew,the cucumber leaves without pig-manure treatment lost their green color,resulting in a yield of only 167.67 kg per 30 m^(2),and the yield of treatment with full application of pig-manure fertilizer was 297.40 kg per 30 m^(2),which was 77.37%higher than the treatment without pig-manure.The contents of vitamin C and nitrate of the treatment with full application of pig-manure fertilizer from in-situ fermentation were 18.95 mg·100 g^(-1) and 73.02 mg·kg^(-1).Compared with the non application pig-manure treatment,the vitamin C content increased by 34.11%and the nitrate content decreased by 13.42%.At the same time,the application of pig-manure fertilizer from in-situ fermentation can significantly increased soil microbial carbon and catalase activity,but had no significant effect on soil urease activity.The microbial-carbon contents in soil were 292.87,252.62 and 122.78 mg·kg^(-1),in full-using,half-using and non-using pig-manure fertilizer from in-situ fermentation respectively.Full-using pig-manure fertilizer from in-situ fermentation for three consecutive growing seasons in the experiment could control the occurrence of downy mildew and improve effectively the yield and quality of cucumber.The results provide the basis for the pig-manure fertilizer from in-situ fermentation which can be used on crop production.