大规模光伏开发对局地气候生态影响研究

STUDY ON IMPACT OF LARGE-SCALED PHOTOVOLTAICDEVELOPMENT ON LOCAL CLIMATE AND ECOSYSTEM

光伏组件的大范围铺设改变了局地下垫面结构和性质,干扰了局地生物群落的演替,对局地气候和生态的影响受到广泛关注。这一科学问题为气候生态友好型光伏电站设计规划和可再生能源绿色可持续发展提供重要支撑。该文对已有的野外观测和数值模拟研究方法进行归纳总结,发现大规模集中式光伏开发对局地辐射、温度、湿度和风速产生了明显影响,通过增加光伏电站内生物多样性,改变植被生长状况和土壤理化性质等,总体上有利于生态脆弱地区防风固沙和水土保持,但研究成果具有明显的局地特征差异。辐射平衡和能量-水循环过程的改变可给出部分机理解释,但还需加强不同生态系统下的集中式光伏电站和城市分布式光伏的观测,深入研究光伏组件的光电转化效率等关键物理参数和局地蒸散发等关键过程的重要作用。光伏电站的建设运行,应充分考虑太阳能资源开发利用的“附加”生态效益,发挥其对荒漠化治理、脆弱生态修复和土壤污染物控制等的综合作用。

The large-scale implementation of solar photovoltaics(PV)changes the types and characteristics of the underlying surface and gradually changes local ecological succession.Their impact on local climate and ecosystem has been widely studied in recent years.This scientific question is the important foundation for designing climate-ecosystem-friendly PV stations and developing sustainable renewable energy.This paper summarizes the existing research methods including field observation and numerical simulation,and the results show that the implementation of PV significantly impacted local radiation,temperature,humidity,and wind speed.By increasing the biodiversity,changing the growth of the vegetation,as well as changing the physical and chemical properties of soil in the PV station,large-scale implementation of PV will protect the ecologically fragile area from soil erosion,and the local ecosystem will benefit from windbreak and sand fixation.However,the existing studies are localized.The principle of these changes can be partly explained by the changes in radiation balance and the water-energy cycle process.Further observational studies about large-scale PV stations and urban PV systems should be explored to reveal the critical role of factors and processes such as conversion efficiency and evapotranspiration.The payoff of ecological benefits during the construction and operation of PV stations should be valued to prevent desertification,ecological damage,and soil pollution.