无人机翼型曲面上太阳电池发电性能分析

ANALYSIS OF SOLAR CELL POWER GENERATION PERFORMANCE ON AIRFOIL SURFACE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

针对临近空间太阳能无人机太阳电池发电高效利用问题,建立翼型曲面上太阳电池发电模型,并进行数值分析。结果表明:日期、航向、翼面位置影响电池的电流、电压、功率、效率和日发电量。受太阳方位和直射情况变化影响,同一时刻不同位置电池最大电流差异达0.068 A,最大电压差异达2.28 V。除夏至外靠近前、后缘的电池日发电量受航向影响明显。由于单体电池的弦长与弧长之比接近于1,曲面使电池总辐照度减少引起的电流和功率损失可忽略。电池划分模型对日发电量的影响可忽略,因而可将单体电池作为整体进行分析。结果可为无人机太阳电池布局和连接设计提供参考。

To solve the efficient power utilization problem of solar cells on near space unmanned aerial vehicles,a power generation model of solar cell on an airfoil surface of unmanned aerial vehicle is proposed and the numerical analysis is performed.The results show that the date,flight direction,and position on the airfoil surface affect the cell’s current,voltage,power,efficiency,and daily power generation.The maximum current difference is 0.068 A and the maximum voltage difference is 2.28 V for solar cells at different positions at the same time,affected by the solar position and the variation of direct incidence conditions.Flight direction remarkably influences the daily power generation of solar cells near leading and trailing edges except for Summer Solstice.Reduction of total irradiance on cells induced by curved surface causes negligible losses of current and power because the ratios of chord length to arc length of single solar cells are close to unity.Cell partition models have a negligible effect on daily power generation;thus,a single solar cell can be analyzed as a whole.The results can be used as a reference for solar cell layout and interconnection design of unmanned aerial vehicles.