正反交织:近代朝鲜社会中国认知中的双重维度

Mixed Views: The Dual Dimensions of Modern Joseon Intellectuals' Cognition of China

甲午战争不仅拆解了清鲜宗藩关系,更使朝鲜由传统的“慕华事大”逐渐转向“脱华开化”。受中国劳工输入、极端民族主义与日本殖民话语内化等因素的影响,大量朝鲜知识分子进行了以“区别中国”为特征的负面中国形象书写,进行了中国“愚昧落后”的认知建构。随着日本在东亚地区侵略扩张的加剧与中国国内政局的嬗变,部分朝鲜知识分子提出了“去国守华”的主张,或强调坚守传统儒家文化以实现东亚复兴,或宣扬共和革命理念并参与辛亥革命之实践。在这一过程中,朝鲜半岛与中国逐渐结成一种“命运共同体”,“同伴者中国”之认知日益凸显。近代朝鲜知识分子中国认知呈现出“正反交织”的复杂态势,对朝鲜半岛的社会舆论与外交实践产生了深远影响。

The Sino-Japanese War not only broke up the suar-vassal relationship between Joseon and the Qing Dynasty,but also made Joseon gradually slip from the flunkeyism to“breaking away from China”.After the Sino-Japanese War,Joseon was gradually colonized.Apart from Japan's interference and violent rule,Joseon subconsciously carried out a series of colonial discourse internalization.Influenced by factors such as extreme nationalism and incitement by Japanese colonialists,in order to completely liquidate the influence of the flunkeyism,the Joseon elites carried out a systematic negative image writing and cognitive construction of China.In response to the aggression of Western powers,the vision of the Joseon elites also turned from Huayi to the East and the world,emphasizing the establishment of the“East alliance”of China,Japan and Joseon.With the aggravation of Japanese aggression and the evolution of China's domestic political situation,some Joseon elites put forward the idea of“leaving the country and defending China”,or joined the Revolution of 1911 in cooperation with Chinese bourgeois revolutionaries.In this process,the Joseon Peninsula and China gradually formed a“community of common destiny”,and the Joseon elite's cognition of China also underwent a major change.They had a common discourse with China on the aspect of anti-Japanese,and the image writing of“Companion China”came into being.