国际中文教材熟语收录考察——以《新实用汉语课本》和《中文天地》为例

On Collection of Chinese Idioms in International Chinese Textbooks-Taking New Practical Chinese Reader and Chinese Link as Examples

汉语熟语是汉语词汇的重要组成部分,也是国际中文教学的重难点。该文借助权威熟语词典、结合人工干预对教材中的熟语予以界定和统计,分析《新实用汉语课本》和《中文天地》这两套国际中文教材的熟语选用情况;并以《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》和汉语母语者使用频率为参照,考察教材熟语选用的科学性和实用性。发现不同教材的熟语选用数量相差较大、选用标准不一致,教材中高频熟语与“等级标准”共选熟语少,“等级标准”的熟语与实际教学需求匹配度也不高,建议研发专门的国际中文教学熟语大纲,促使编者能根据不同的教学目的合理地、灵活地选用熟语。

Chinese idioms are an important part of Chinese vocabulary and also the key and difficult points in the teaching of Chinese as other languages.With the help of authoritative idioms dictionaries and manual intervention,the paper analyzes the collection of idioms in two sets of international Chinese textbooks;with the comparisons of Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education(Grading Standards,for short)and the frequency of use by native Chinese speakers,the scientific and practicability of the selection of idioms is investigated.It is found that the number of idioms selected in different textbooks differs greatly,and the selection criteria are inconsistent.There are few high-frequency idioms in the textbooks,and there are few common idioms selected with Grading Standards.The matching degree between the idioms in the Grading Standards and the actual teaching needs is not high.It is recommended to develop a special syllabus of international Chinese idioms teaching,so that editors can reasonably and flexibly select idioms according to different teaching purposes.