刘沅《诗》《易》恒解中的女性道德观

Liu Yuan's Female Morality in Liu Yuan's Poem and Yi

刘沅(1768-1855)是生活于清中后期四川成都的一位大儒。他著述极丰,其思想被称作槐轩学说,博大精深,代表性著作为《十三经恒解》,《诗经恒解》《周易恒解》是其中两部。《周易恒解》中刘沅通过《易经》义理和六十四卦中相关卦爻——《坤》《家人》《姤》《归妹》的内外含义建构了其关于先天女性道德观。《诗经恒解》则是在其先天道德伦理范畴下具体阐释的女性道德观。刘沅关于女性道德伦理的阐释,实际上反映了当时社会儒家知识分子对全社会女性道德的总体评价和认识。刘沅从周代王公贵族的后妃妇德、夫妇之德、晚辈女性之德,以及《诗经》中女性失德的反面事例阐释了他对女性道德的看法。这在当时思想文化环境下是一种认识上的突破,无疑具有进步性。

Liu Yuan(1768-1855)was a great scholar living in Chengdu,Sichuan Province in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.He wrote extremely rich,whose thoughts are called the Huai Xuan theory,which is extensive and profound.His representative works are The Permanent Solution of the Thirteen Classic Works,and The Constant Solution of the Book of Songs and The Permanent Solution of the Book of Changes are two of them.In the latter,Liu Yuan constructed the concept of innate female morality through the internal and external meanings of The Book of Changes and the relevant hexagrams—Kun,Family,Gou and Gui Mei.The Constant Solution of the Book of Songs is a female moral concept explained under the category of its innate moral ethics.Liu Yuan's interpretation of women's moral ethics actually reflected the overall evaluation and understanding of the social Confucian intellectuals at that time.Liu Yuan explained his views on female morality from the virtues of the imperial concubines of the Zhou Dynasty princes and nobles,the virtue of the younger generation and the negative examples of the loss of women in The Book of Songs.This was a breakthrough in understanding under the ideological and cultural environment at that time,which was undoubtedly progressive.