基于15分钟生活圈的住区公共服务设施配置研究

RESEARCH ON SPATIAL CONFIGURATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES IN RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT BASED ON 15-MINUTE LIFE-CIRCLES

立足生活圈的视角,采用核密度和网络分析法探究合肥公共服务设施的分布格局及供给水平,剖析各类设施与人口分布之间的匹配性,并提出设施配置的规划路径。研究表明:①各类设施呈现出“核心—边缘”的分布形态,圈层分布的分化特征突出。区际及不同类型服务设施的空间集聚水平差异明显。②居民点尺度下各类设施的覆盖水平整体不高,区际尺度下各类设施的覆盖范围均表现为非均衡分布格局,公共服务配置水平亟需加强。③不同区域的生活圈公共服务设施适配性存在显著的空间异质性,整体四类设施的适配型生活圈占比均不高。④基于最小化设施模型模拟出各类设施的配置方案,实现居民点覆盖率和适配性的显著提升,夯实供给侧和需求侧之间的匹配关系。

Based on the perspective of living circles,this paper analyzes the spatial allocation of public service facilities and puts forward the planning scheme of facility layout,which is not only conducive to the realization of spatial justice of public service allocation,but also a positive response to the development concept of"people's cities for the people".Based on the perspective of living circles and taking the downtown area of Hefei as an example,this paper first explores the distribution patterns and supply levels of public service facilities by means of kernel density analysis and network analysis and,in turn,analyzes the matching between public service facilities and the distribution of population.Finally,the planning path of facility configuration is proposed based on the location-allocation model(L-A).The study shows that:1)All kinds of facilities present a core-edge spatial distribution pattern and saliently differentiated layers of distribution,and there are obvious differences between the spatial agglomeration levels of inter-regional and different types of service facilities;2)The coverage rates of facilities varies significantly among different residential areas,and the scope of coverage is generally small.3)There are significant spatial differences in the adaptability of public service facilities in the living circles in different regions,and the proportion of adaptable living circles for the overall four types of facilities is not high;4)Based on the minimization facility model,the spatial configuration scheme of various facilities is calculated and simulated.