从陆地到海岛:中国乡村的历史变迁与在地实践

From Land to Island:Historical Changes and Site-specific Practice in Rural China

进入21世纪,乡村复兴战略在中国成为基本国策,各地的乡村建设也随之快速升温,在大江南北逐渐形成星火燎原之势.艺术乡建是其中一支不可忽视的力量.无论深度还是广度,艺术乡建都迅速扩大了地理格局,拓展了文化空间.从草原到边疆,从高原到平原,从陆地到海岛,艺术家纷纷奔向乡村,通过各自不同地域的在地实践,采用多主体的文化互涉与多角度的关系互嵌,迅速影响和形塑乡村景观与文化生态.同时,艺术家从大陆腹地到偏远岛屿,将艺术的方式拓展到不同区域,将变化和差异的"陆—岛"文化演变成各具特色的乡村景观.本文在此提出"从陆地到岛屿"的乡村建设思考框架,演示了一条可逆与跳转的开放性路线,破除了现代主义图式下乡村在空间上的内置特征与隔绝属性.无疑,这不仅是在二元对峙的意义上否认乡村的大地气质和乡土属性,相反,它更是建立在"两栖"的思考意义上,即在"海—陆"与"居—游"的关系中,促进我们理解乡村世界及其文化实践的能力,让乡村有潜能走出农业文化的经济学隐喻,以及发展主义的治理逻辑.

In the 21st century,the strategy of rural rejuvenation has become a basic national policy in China,and rural construction has accelerated everywhere as well,from north to south.Artistic rural construction has become one of the forces to be reckoned with.In terms of either depth or breadth,artistic rural construction has rapidly expanded the geographical pattern and the cultural space.From prairie to borderland,from plateau to plain,from land to island,artists have rushed to the countryside.With site-specific practices in different regions,they adopt multi-subject cultural interaction and multiangle relation embedding,rapidly influencing and shaping rural landscapes and cultural ecology.At the same time,the artists have explored different fields through art from the continental hinterland to remote islands,evolving the changing and different"landisland"culture into a rural landscape with its own characteristics.This paper puts forward a thinking framework for rural construction"from land to island",demonstrating an open route that can be reversed and jumped,and breaking the built-in characteristics and isolation properties of rural space under the modernist schema.Undoubtedly,this is not a denial of the earthy temperament and local nature of the countryside in the sense of binary confrontation.On the contrary,it is based on the sense of"amphibian".It is,in the relation between"sea-land"and"residencetravel",to promote our ability to understand the rural world and its cultural practices,so that the countryside has the potential to get out of the economic metaphor of agricultural culture and the logic of developmentalist governance.