他者眼光:晚明宦游士人地记中的南方书写

The Sight of the Other: The Southern Writing in Local Records ofthe Officers in the Late Ming Dynasty

晚明宦游士人地记不同于唐宋笔记中对岭南、西南地区蛮荒的强调,而是依托明代相对稳定的政治文化生态和明代宦游风气的新变,将南方作为游赏的对象。以往的研究者并没有细致关注明人笔记中的南方书写以及文人对江南、岭南、西南印象的差异。通过细读可知文本,“南方”不只是地理空间,而是兼具了文化意义。两广和云南在内的广大“南方”地区不再是“化外之地”,描写“南方”的地记作品展示出对地方风俗、人物、遗迹等历史文化面向的关注。个人撰写的游记和私人编撰的地方志全面展示了文人将“蛮地”纳入中原文化的企图,也透显出宦游士人基于“异乡人”身份的南方印象与华夷文化间的冲突和对话。

In the local records of officials in the late Ming Dynasty,different from the emphasis on the wilderness in the south of the Five Ridges and the southwest in the notes of the Tang and Song Dynasties,relying on the relatively stable political and cultural ecology and new change of the culture of leaving home to take up government employments in the Ming Dynasty,the south China of the Ming Dynasty became an object of tourism.Previous researchers did not pay close attention to the southern writing in the local records of the Ming Dynasty and the differences in the literati′s impressions of regions south of the Yangtze River,south of the Five Ridges and Southwest China.Our foundings through close reading of the text are:"The South"area of the empire is not only a geographical space,but also doubles up as a sign with cultural significance.The vast"southern"areas of Guangdong,Guangxi,Guilin and Yunnan are no longer"foreign lands",and the local records depicting the"South"demonstrate a focus on historical and cultural aspects such as local customs,characters,and relics.The local records and chronicles written by individuals comprehensively demonstrate the attempts of literati to incorporate"barbarians"into the culture of the Central Plains,highlighting the southern impression of officials leaving home and taking up government employments based on their identity as"strangers"and the conflict and dialogue between Chinese culture and Non-Chinese culture.