高新技术产业开发区创新生态系统韧性的内涵及测度——以湖南省为例

The Connotation and Measurement of the Resilience of Innovation Ecosystem in High-Tech Industrial Development Zones:A Case Study of Hunan Province

高新区创新生态系统作为一个动态、开放的复杂系统,在发展过程中会遇到各种风险,如何有效应对外部冲击与扰动,保持系统稳定性、可持续性,成为高新区发展面临的现实问题。文章引入韧性理念,探讨了高新区创新生态系统韧性的内涵、特征,运用适应性循环理论分析其演化过程,从抵抗力、吸收力、恢复力和转型力4个维度构建其测度指标体系。并运用TOPSIS方法,以湖南省46家高新区为研究对象,对其创新生态系统韧性水平、时空格局特征进行了实证分析。研究发现:1)高新区创新生态系统韧性是系统受到扰动后,维持原有特性、原有功能和进一步成长的能力,具有复杂性、动态演化性、尺度关联性和可调节性等特征。2)高新区创新生态系统韧性在内外部环境的作用下不断演化,呈现出开发、存储、释放、更新4个阶段,并与所在城市、区域以及内部企业共同作用,构成多尺度嵌套的自适应循环。3)2012―2020年湖南省高新区创新生态系统韧性水平不断提升,应对扰动的能力持续增强,但整体水平仍然不高,从各维度指标看,转型力增长幅度最为明显,其次是吸收力和抵抗力,恢复力增长幅度最小,成为系统整体韧性提升的短板;空间格局上,呈现明显的空间分异现象,韧性较高的高新区集聚在长株潭城市群地区以及岳阳、郴州、常德等城市,较低的分布在湘西地区,近年来,空间分异程度逐渐缩小。

At present,the economy of China is in a new stage,shifting from high-speed growth to high-quality development.Accordingly,high-tech industrial development zones(hereinafter referred to as"high-tech zones")have developed as clusters of innovative resources,high-tech enterprises,and industries.These high-tech zones serve as demonstration zones for national and regional innovation development.Building a resilient innovation ecosystem in high-tech zones and enhancing their ability to cope and adapt to an uncertain environment are important for promoting the high-quality development of these zones as well as the regional economy.There are few academic studies on the resilience of innovation ecosystems in high-tech zones.Incorporating the concept of resilience and enhancing the ability of innovation ecosystems in high-tech zones to cope with risk is a topic worthy of attention in academic research.Here we introduce the concept of resilience,explore the connotation and characteristics of the resilience of the innovation ecosystem in the high-tech zone,analyze its evolution process by applying adaptive cycle theory,and construct a measurement index system in four dimensions:resistance,absorption,recovery,and transformation power.From this perspective,resilience is considered the ability of the zone to maintain and restore its original characteristics and functions and also to continue to grow after the system has been disturbed.The zone characteristics considered are complexity,dynamic evolution,scale correlation,and regulation,as evident through four evolutionary stages:exploitation,storage,release,and renewal.Using the TOPSIS method,46 high-tech zones in Hunan Province were selected as research objects,and their innovation ecosystem resilience levels and spatiotemporal pattern characteristics were analyzed.It was found that the innovation ecosystem resilience level of the Hunan high-tech zone increased from 0.316 in 2012 to 0.604 in 2020,showing an overall upward trend in resilience.In terms of the increase in the level of resilience in each dimension,the most significant increase was that of transformation power,followed by absorption and resistance powers.The smallest increase was that of recovery power.The spatial pattern showed obvious divergence,with the more resilient high-tech zones clustered in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and the less resilient zones distributed in the western Hunan region.Over time,the degree of spatial differentiation gradually shrank,forming the characteristics of a highly resilient agglomeration,with the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration as the core,and Yueyang,Chenzhou,Changde,and other multi-centers coexisting.In this study the innovation ecosystem of high-tech zones was examined from the perspective of dynamic development;the results are expected to broaden the concept of urban development resilience in theory and promote the high-quality development of high-tech zones in practice.