基于格网尺度的新城区可持续空间形态要素测度研究——以宁波鄞州新城区为例

Grid Scale Measurement of Sustainable Form Elements of New Urban Districts:A Case Study of Yinzhou New Urban Districts

基于城市形态学,提出良好的街道可达性、适宜的建设强度与建筑形态、足够的功能混合度是促进城市可持续发展的空间形态基础,以宁波市鄞州新城区为例,通过空间句法、空间矩阵、混合功能指标测度其城市空间形态要素,结果表明:1)鄞州新城区街道网络整体协同能力较强,建筑形态以中层板式及围合式、低层围合式、高层板式为主,单一功能用地占主导地位,完全混合用地仅占1.73%;2)鄞州新城区空间活力中值区占比最高,通过密度-形态关联性分析,其在多层高覆盖率的形态区间被屏蔽;3)功能混合、可达性、建筑强度及形态之间重合度较高,高容积率(>2.2)单元格中有64.54%聚集在可达性高值区,双功能、多功能混合单元有50.25%、85.71%聚集在可达性高值区,混合单元有公共设施用地时混合功能-可达性关联的效应更明显。

After years of high-speed urbanization and rapid expansion,China's economy has gradually transformed into a"new normal,"with a new people-oriented urbanization strategy emphasizing spatial quality.In this context,the disjunction between the development of medium-and high-density buildings and low-density human activity,common in the new towns and districts of China,has become increasingly prominent.From the perspective of spatial form,this study proposes that good street accessibility,suitable construction density and architectural form,and sufficient functional mixing are the bases for promoting sustainable urban development.In these studies,the spatial form elements in Yinzhou New Town in Ningbo were measured using spatial syntax,spatial matrix,and mixed function indicators.The results show that(1)the overall coordination ability of the street network in Yinzhou New Town is strong,the local spatial network and global spatial network structure are integrated,and the vitality of the street system in the central area is relatively high;(2)the architectural forms of Yinzhou New City are mainly middle-level slabs and enclosures,low-level enclosures,and high-level slabs.Analysis of density-shape correlation reveals residential areas within the low-level high coverage zones and shielded residential areas in the multi-level high coverage zones,suggesting a need to appropriately enrich multilevel slab or enclosure and high-level enclosure zones,which have strong positive effects on the vitality of New City;(3)The new urban area of Yinzhou is dominated by the single-function large-scale land development mode,with a low proportion of mixed land and only 1.73%thoroughly mixed land(H_A_W);(4)Functional mixing,accessibility,building strength,and form have a high degree of overlap.A total of 64.54%of cells with a high floor area ratio(>2.2)were clustered in high-accessibility areas,and 50.25%and 85.71%of dual-function and multi-function mixed units,respectively,were clustered in high-accessibility areas.The effect of the mixed function-accessibility association is more obvious when mixed units include public facilities.In the future,the spatial structure represented by street accessibility should be considered the core breakthrough point.On the one hand,we should ensure good street accessibility as a whole;on the other hand,we should organize the arrangement of construction intensity and functions with high accessibility street distribution,emphasize the moderate mixing of urban land,construct diversified urban life,and improve the vitality and sustainability of urban space to simultaneously realize an agglomeration of multiple urban morphological characteristics with positive effects,and finally foster the emergence of urban spaces with high urban vitality.These sustainable spatial form investigation results are helpful for formulating policy suggestions to improve the quality of ecologically sound construction and create spatial vitality through informed planning and design.