探查阶段旅游地居民支持度的影响因素分析与实证研究——以海口市北港村为例

Analysis and Empirical Study on the Influencing Factors of Residents'Support at the Exploration Stage of Tourism Development:A Case Study of Beigang Village in Haikou City

选择处于探查阶段的海口市北港村为案例地,以决策行为理论为分析框架,构建了一个居民视角下由理性层面的旅游发展潜力认知、积极影响感知、消极影响感知和非理性层面的地方感组成的概念模型,使用AMOSS和SPSS软件量化探究上述因素对探查阶段旅游地居民旅游支持度的影响路径。结果表明:1)在旅游发展探查阶段,旅游发展潜力认知、积极影响感知、消极影响感知和地方感对居民支持度产生显著影响,其中旅游发展潜力认知不仅通过直接和中介作用对居民支持度产生影响,还对积极、消极影响感知和地方感产生不同程度作用;2)地方感强的居民对旅游积极影响的感知较易受旅游发展潜力认知调节,而居民对旅游消极影响的感知不易受其他因素调节;3)在居民的主观选择决策中,理性与非理性的因素共同发挥作用。在同构关系下,理性与非理性因素之间各自独立又彼此交融。

As the owners of tourism resources and influencers of tourism development in a destination,residents'attitudes play a significant role in the development of tourism in the exploration stage.During this first stage in the life cycle of a tourism site,residents support changes significantly owing to the influence of tourism development.However,many scholars have focused on the development,consolidation,and maturation stages of tourism development,with the exploration stage often being neglected due to its less obvious performance characteristics.Therefore,the applicability of current research findings to the exploratory stage is highly questionable.To address this issue,this study selected Beigang Village in Haikou City,which is currently in the exploratory stage,as a case site.Using the behavioral decision theory and a quantitative research method,we explored the influence of the following factors on residents'tourism support in the exploratory stage:tourism development potential perception,positive influence perception,negative influence perception,sense of place,and residents'support.The main conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)During the exploration stage of tourism development,tourism development potential perception,positive and negative impact perception,and sense of place significantly impact resident support.In addition,tourism development potential perception is a key core factor,which not only influences residents'support through direct and mediated effects but also has different effects on residents'tourism impact perception and sense of place.(2)Tourism development potential perception has a moderating effect on the relationship between sense of place and positive impact perception.For residents with a stronger sense of place,their tourism development potential perception has a significant positive effect on positive impact perception;for residents with a weaker sense of place,their tourism development potential perception does not influence their positive impact perception.(3)Both rational and irrational factors played a role in the residents'subjective decisions during the exploration stage.Overall,this study constructs a conceptual model of resident support in the exploration stage and analyzes the relationships between tourism development potential perception,positive and negative influence perception,sense of place,and resident support.Moreover,it plays a guiding role in the development of tourism destinations in the exploration stage and suggests that local governments and tourism developers should take active steps to improve residents'support for sustainable tourism development.