20世纪初“中国驻屯军”在华情报活动述论——以驻屯军的三类报告为线索

The Intelligence Activities of the“Chinese Garrison Army”in China at the Beginning of the 20th Century

日本陆军在庚子事变后新设的“中国驻屯军”,是其在华情报布局的重要一角。通过和袁世凯等官员建立密切联系,并在日俄战前和战中展开合作,驻屯军得以在对俄谍战的隐秘战线中占据有利位置。同时,驻屯军在北洋新军事业中的突出作用,也给日本陆军创造出更好地探察新军的空间。随着中日两国在日俄战后逐渐交恶,驻屯军与袁世凯的交际显著减少,加之袁世凯有意向英、美靠拢,这种外交关系的转换投射到辛亥革命中,便部分造成了英日两国的不同应对。驻屯军与喀喇沁王的频繁往来,以及由此建立的复杂人脉,也在某种程度上塑造了第一次满蒙独立运动的边界。可以认为,驻屯军在1903到1906年间的情报活动,多能在辛亥革命前后的诸多变动中找到对应。

The newly established“Chinese Garrison Army”by the Japanese Army after the Boxer Rebellion is an important part of it’s intelligence layout in China.By establishing close contacts with off icials such as Yuan Shikai,and collaborating before and during the Russo-Japanese War,the troop was able to occupy a favorable position in the hidden front of espionage against Russia.At the same time,the prominent role of the troop in the cause of the Beiyang Army also created a better space for the troop to explore the Beiyang Army.As China and Japan gradually became hostile after the Japan-Russia War,the communication between the troop and Yuan signif icantly decreased.In addition,Yuan’s intention to approach Britain and the United States led to the transformation of diplomatic relations projected into the Xinhai Revolution,which in part resulted in different responses between Britain and Japan.The frequent exchanges between the troop and the King of Karaqin,as well as the complex network established by them,also shaped the boundaries of the f irst Manchu Mongolian independence movement to some extent.It can be believed that the intelligence activities of the garrison army between 1903 and 1906 were often matched by many changes before and after the Xinhai Revolution.