村民自治重心下移的社会整合逻辑:基于W县S乡村庄三级自治的政策实践研究

The social integration logic of the downward shift of the center of gravity of villagers’self-governance:A study of policy practices based on three-level autonomy for villages in S township,W county

研究分析W县S乡探索村民自治重心下移的村庄三级自治形式,发现其政策实践的社会整合逻辑:三级自治组织重构了村庄组织结构与组织关系;农民讲习所通过政治符号展演与道德教育形塑了村民的价值体系;三级组织架构及专业合作社通过整合发展资源使村民形成发展共同体,实现了村庄利益整合。村庄空心化、组织职能冲突与整合限度是掣肘村庄三级自治效能的限制性因素。建议通过结构整合优化、价值整合多元化、利益整合灵活化提高村民自治重心下移组织探索形式的合法性与有效性。

An effective form of village autonomy is the core path to realizing“good governance”in villages.The proposal to shift the center of gravity of villagers’self-governance is a response to the current dilemma of the gradual weakening of social ties in rural communities based on blood and geographic ties,and the loosening of village ties to an atomized state.This paper proposes the social integration logic of the policy practice of shifting the center of gravity of villagers’self-governance through the analysis of a typical case in S Township,W County,to provide an effective analytical perspective for understanding the current development trend of shifting the center of gravity of villagers’self-governance.The study finds that:The organizational form of three-tier village autonomy is a policy practice of exploring the downward shift of the center of gravity of villagers’autonomy.The organizational practice of shifting the centre of gravity of village autonomy presents a logic of social integration:First,structural integration.The three levels of village autonomy have reshaped the original organizational structure and relationships of villages through the abolition of village groups,the establishment of self-management committees,and the establishment of the“ten households as a whole”organizational form.Second,value integration.The workshop is unique among the three levels of autonomy:on the one hand,as a village public space,it is a spatial metaphor for political legitimacy,and participates in the reproduction of political legitimacy.On the other hand,as a public educational space in the village,the workshop regularly carries out activities to publicize knowledge and ethical norms so that each self-governing unit becomes a moral community of solidarity.Third,integration of interests.The three-tier self-governance system organizes villagers into a development community that integrates resources,shares benefits and risks through professional cooperatives,self-management committees and“ten households in one”.At the same time,the professional cooperatives serve as a link to connect the interests of all parties and increase the initiative of villagers to participate in self-governance.The study puts forward several pieces of suggestions.First,the way of value integration in the policy of shifting the center of gravity of villagers’autonomy should be diversified.Taking the three levels of autonomy in villages as an example,the peasants’workshop,as a spatial carrier of villagers’value integration,is the main way of realizing the value integration in the current policy of villagers’autonomy.As a matter of fact,traditional festivals and folk culture have a deep legitimacy foundation in villages,promoting villagers’value integration through traditional festivals and folk cultural activities,etc.It is a choice that takes into account both efficiency and legitimacy mechanisms,which is conducive to the promotion of villagers’self-government policies and facts;Second,improve the openness of the three-level village self-governance organization system,and realize the diversified value integration in villages.Village autonomy policy does not exist in a vacuum,and the village value system is not ironclad,the policy environment is a key factor affecting the implementation of the policy,improve the openness of the policy,and absorb the participation of pluralistic value subjects,which is the basis for the real realization of the integration of village values;thirdly,the development of the community is not limited to cooperatives or self-governance units,and the integration of the village interests involves a variety of development subjects,and is not limited to economic interests.As a community of acquaintances,villages have mature and diverse social networks or self-organizations,and the village social network is the micro-foundation for the policy of shifting the center of gravity of villagers’self-government to the ground and for the organization and practice of villagers’self-governance.Making full use of the mature social networks and interest links in villages is an effective way to integrate village interests and promote development communities.