陶乡窑火越千年——河南沁阳盆窑黑陶制作工艺的田野调查及研究

Pottery kiln fire more thousand years——Field investigation and research on making technology of black pottery of basin kiln in Qinyang,Henan Province

诞生于中国新石器时代的黑陶艺术,是中华民族历史文化长河中一颗璀璨耀眼的明珠,被誉为“土与火的艺术,力与美的结晶”。本文以素有“黑陶之乡”美誉的河南省焦作市沁阳市山王庄镇盆窑村的“黑陶小镇”为田野调查地点,认真调研与探索这个与山东日照、陕西秦塬、河北馆陶并称为中国四大黑陶生产中心的“黑陶小镇”现今的黑陶制作材料及工艺流程等情况。本文通过访谈、观察、拍摄等多种方式,对该村“黑陶小镇”进行长达半个多月的实地考察,获得了丰富的第一手资料,同时,对该地的历史文化、地域特色、人文情怀以及风俗习惯等,也进行了检索与梳理,从盆窑村黑陶的材料、工艺等技术层面和历史、文化等精神层面进行了全方位的分析与解读。目的是想使这项文化遗产,在今天继续传承发展,真正弘扬祖国的传统工艺文化艺术。

Chinese ceramics has a long history and is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation,and its production technology is world-renowned.The black pottery art born in China's Neolithic Age is a shining pearl in the long river of Chinese history and culture,known as"the art of earth and fire,the crystallization of power and beauty".Tracing the roots and exploring the historical development process of ceramics,this paper takes the black pottery town of Penyao Village in Shanwangzhuang Town,which is famous for its black pottery culture,as an example to better protect and inherit the intangible cultural heritage,and explore and study the black pottery making process and materials in the town.The creation of black pottery in Penyao village integrates history and culture,regional characteristics,humanistic feelings and customs,and takes inheriting and developing intangible cultural heritage as its mission.It is an important material material of plastic arts for the study of black pottery culture and art in Henan Province.Penyao Village,Qinyang City,Henan Province,pottery has a thousand years of history,known as the"township of black pottery"reputation,the village name"basin kiln"two words are taken from the pot kiln,Shandong Rizhao,Shaanxi Qin Yuan,Hebei Guantao and known as China's four major black pottery production centers.In this paper,the black pottery town of Penyao Village is investigated through interviews,surveys,photography and other ways,so as to obtain first-hand information and facilitate the study of its related history and cultural characteristics.At the same time,on the basis of many previous research results,the first-hand data and historical materials are integrated to conduct a detailed analysis of the black pottery culture in Penyao Village,Qinyang City,Henan Province,and conduct a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of China's traditional intangible cultural heritage-black pottery from the perspective of historical development.