深圳市光明区新生儿父亲产后抑郁现状及其对家庭功能的影响

Current status of postpartum depression in neonatal fathers in Guangming District of Shenzhen and its influence on family function

目的探讨深圳市光明区新生儿父亲产后抑郁现状及其对家庭功能的影响。方法调查2020年12月至2021年11月,深圳市光明区公明、合水口和上村社区的253名产后父亲,采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)、家庭适应性和凝聚力量表(FACES)进行调查,分析新生儿父亲产后抑郁影响因素。结果新生儿父亲的EPDS问卷回收率为94.5%,FACES问卷回收率为91.3%。新生儿父亲产后抑郁的EPDS筛查阳性率为10%。两组新生儿父亲平均每周工作时间、经济压力、性格、孕期抑郁/焦虑情绪、孕期上孕妇学校或学习育儿知识和喂养方式比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归模型进行多因素分析结果显示,经济压力非常大(β=1.484,OR=4.411,95%CI:1.873~10.387),每周工作时间较短(β=1.469,OR=4.344,95%CI=1.268-14.875),性格(β=2.562,OR=12.965,95%CI:1.737~96.777),孕期是否上孕妇学校或学习育儿知识(β=1.732,OR=5.602,95%CI:1.151~27.277)是新生儿父亲产后抑郁的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。两组新生儿父亲凝聚度、分离度、过度亲密度、混乱度、沟通度、满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论产后新生儿父亲抑郁发生率较高,新生儿父亲性格内向、工作时间较短、孕期未上孕妇学校或者学习育儿知识是其产后抑郁的危险因素;经济压力一般是产后抑郁的保护因素;父亲在配偶怀孕期间的焦虑或抑郁情绪、小孩喂养方式与新生儿父亲产后抑郁发生相关。

Objective To explore the current status of postpartum depression in neonatal fathers in Guangming District of Shenzhen and its influence on family function.Methods From December 2020 to November 2021,a total of 253 postpartum fathers from Gongming,Heshuikou and Shangcun communities in Guangming District of Shenzhen were investigated with the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS)and family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scale(FACES)to analyze the influencing factors of postpartum depression in neonatal fathers.Results The recovery rates of EPDS and FACES questionnaires were 94.5%and 91.3%,respectively.The positive rate of EPDS screening for postpartum depression in neonatal fathers was 10%.There were statistically significant differences in the average weekly working time,economic pressure,personality,depression/anxiety during pregnancy,attending pregnant school or learning parenting knowledge and feeding patterns of neonatal fathers between the two groups(P<0.05).Logistic regression model multivariate analysis showed that the economic pressure was very high(β=1.484,OR=4.411,95%CI:1.873-10.387),shorter weekly working hours(β=1.469,OR=4.344,95%CI:1.268-14.875),personality(β=2.562,OR=12.965,95%CI:1.737-96.777),and whether to attend pregnant women's school or learn parenting knowledge during pregnancy(β=1.732,OR=5.602,95%CI:1.151-27.277)were independent risk factors for postpartum depression in neonatal fathers(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in cohesion,separation,excessive intimacy,confusion,communication and satisfaction of neonatal fathers between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of postpartum depression in neonatal fathers is high.The risk factors for postpartum depression in neonatal fathers are introversion,short working hours,and not going to pregnant school or learning parenting knowledge during pregnancy.Economic pressure is generally a protective factor for postpartum depression.Fathers'anxiety or depression during their spouse's pregnancy and children's feeding patterns were related to the occurrence of postpartum depression in neonatal fathers.