4种生物药剂对川西北高原鼠兔短期防治效果试验

Short-term Control Effects of Four Biological Rodenticides on Plateau Pika in Northwest Sichuan

为了解不同生物药剂对高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)短期防治效果,于2022年5月在若尔盖县针对重度退化鼠荒地开展了新贝奥、溴敌隆、杀它仗和鼠道难4种药剂的取食率、防治效果比较试验,以期为高原退化草地鼠类种群控制药剂选择提供基础数据。结果表明:(1)高原鼠兔对4种药剂的短期取食率为鼠道难(100.0%)>杀它仗(98.3%)>新贝奥(77.0%)>溴敌隆(67.4%);(2)药剂灭洞率为溴敌隆(86.0%)>鼠道难(52.9%)>新贝奥(41.0%)>杀它仗(34.8%),溴敌隆短期防治效果最好,鼠道难和新贝奥次之。综合考虑生态安全,草地退化程度和鼠类种群现状,药剂适口性、作用机理及防治效果等因素,针对重度退化草地的应急防控可选用溴敌隆和鼠道难,但在施用溴敌隆药剂时需加强对非靶标哺乳动物的保护;针对中轻度退化草地开展长效常规防控时可选用新贝奥和杀它仗。

In order to investigate the short-term control effects of different biological rodenticides on plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae),a comparative experiment was conducted in Zoige county in May 2022 on the feeding rate and control effects of four biological rodenticides,named Xinbeiao(BR1),Bromadiolone(BR2),Stratagemò(BR3)and Shudaonan(BR4),respectively,in order to provide basic data for the selection of rodent population control rodenticides in degraded grassland on plateau.The results showed that:(1)The short-term feeding rate of plateau pika on the four chemicals was as follows:BR4(100.0%)>BR3(98.3%)>BR1(77.0%)>BR2(67.4%).(2)The rate of killing holes with chemicals was BR2(86.0%)>BR4(52.9%)>BR1(41.0%)>BR3(34.8%).BR2 had the best short-term control effect,followed by BR4 and BR1.Considering ecological security,grassland degradation degree,rodent population status,palatability,mechanism of action and control effect,BR2 and BR4 could be used for emergency control of plateau pika population in severely degraded grassland.But the protection of non-target mammals should be strengthened when applying BR2.For the long-term routine prevention and control of moderately and lightly degraded grassland,BR1 and BR3 could be used.