滇金丝猴全雄群社会监视行为的季节性变化

Seasonal Variation of Social Monitoring Behavior of All-male Unit for Rhinopithecus

社会监视指动物对社会环境的认知,以适应环境提高适合度。为了解重层社会组织下滇金丝猴全雄群个体社会监视行为的发生频率及影响因素,于2017年7月至2018年8月,采用5 min焦点动物全事件记录法收集白马雪山国家级自然保护区响古箐滇金丝猴全雄群8只个体的扫视行为和攻击-屈服行为等数据,比较不同季节和等级组的监视行为发生频率差异。结果表明,滇金丝猴全雄个体扫视行为发生的频率为0.67±0.19次·min^(-1)(n=8,0.37−1.01),冬季与夏季扫视行为频率存在差异(Z=7.36,P<0.001),夏季(0.80±0.24,n=8)高于冬季(0.50±0.21,n=8),这与夏季的繁殖交配竞争压力大有关。不同等级组的扫视行为频率有差异(H=62.37,df=2,P<0.001),低等级组(0.85±0.14,n=3)高于中等级组(0.68±0.28,n=2),中等级组高于高等级组(0.49±0.12,n=3),这表明滇金丝猴全雄群个体的扫视行为与等级有关。因此,滇金丝猴全雄群个体的社会监视行为频率受繁殖季节和等级影响,成年雄性通过社会监视可减少受繁殖单元主雄的攻击,青年和青少年雄性的社会监视可减少全雄群内的直接冲突。

Social monitoring refers to animals cognition of the social environment for adaptation and improving their fitness.In order to understand the frequency and influencing factors of individual social monitoring behavior of all-male unit in black-and-white snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)under a multi-level social organization,from July 2017 to August 2018,the data of scanning behavior and aggression-submissive behavior of 8 individuals in the all-male unit of R.bieti in Xiangguqing of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve were collected by using 5-minute focus animal and all-occurrence recording method,and the frequency differences of monitoring behavior in different seasons and grade groups were compared.The results showed that the frequency of scanning behavior was 0.67±0.19 Times/min(n=8,0.37-1.01).There was a difference in the frequency of scanning behavior between winter and summer(Z=7.36,P<0.001),and the frequency of scanning behavior in summer(0.80±0.24,n=8)was higher than that in winter(0.50±0.21,n=8),which may due to high competitive pressure of reproductive and mating in summer.The frequency of scanning behavior in different grade groups was different(H=62.37,df=2,P<0.001).The low grade group(0.85±0.14,n=3)was higher than the middle grade group(0.68±0.28,n=2),and the middle grade group was higher than the high grade group(0.49±0.12,n=3),which indicated that low-grade individual spent more time on social monitoring within all-male unit of R.bieti.Therefore,our finding found that the frequency of social monitoring of R.bieti in all-male unit is affected by the reproductive season and grade group.Adult males can reduce the attack by the resident males of reproductive units through social monitoring,and the social monitoring of young and juvenile males can reduce the direct conflicts within the all-male unit.