不同水分处理对两种机采种植模式棉花蒸散发、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Water Treatments on Evapotranspiration,Yield and Quality of Cotton under Two Types of Machine-harvesting Planting Patterns

为明确不同水分处理对两种机采种植模式棉花蒸散发特征、产量形成及品质变化的影响,于2020-2021开展田间小区试验,设4个灌溉处理3600 m3/hm2(D1)、4500 m3/hm2(D2)、5400 m3/hm2(D3)、6300 m3/hm2(D4),2种机采模式等行距种植(R1)和宽窄行种植(R2)。结果表明:2种机采种植模式土壤蒸发量(Es)、蒸散量(ET)、Es/ET均随灌水量的增加而增加;不同灌水处理土壤日蒸发量在灌溉后1~4 d处于较高水平,R1较R2分别高6.98%、7.55%、8.53%、7.19%。年均蒸散量4个灌水处理R1分别为397.6 mm、465.2 mm、547.2 mm、665 mm,R2分别为412.5 mm、482.1 mm、563.5 mm、684.5 mm,R2较R1分别高3.76%、3.64%、2.96%和2.94%。4个灌水处理Es/ET比值R1为27.45%~31.82%,R2为24.52%~28.56%,R1高于R2。净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_(2)浓度均随灌水量的增加而增加,气孔限制值随灌水量的增加而降低。产量随灌水量的增加而增加,D4最高,与D3无显著差异,但显著高于D1和D2;水分利用效率随灌水量的增加先增加后降低,D3最大,D4最小。上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和整齐度均随灌水量的增加而增加,成熟度指数和马克隆值随灌水量的增加而降低。

In order to clarify the effects of different water treatments on evapotranspiration characteristics,yield formation and quality changes of cotton under two types of machine-harvesting planting patterns.A field experiment was conducted during 2020-2021,four irrigation water amounts of 3600 m 3/hm 2(D1),4500 m 3/hm 2(D2),5400 m 3/hm 2(D3),6300 m 3/hm 2(D4)were set,and two types of machine-harvesting planting patterns were designed(same row spacing and wide-narrow row planting;abbreviated R1 and R2 respectively).The results showed that soil evaporation(Es),evapotranspiration(ET)and Es/ET of cotton under two types of machine-harvesting planting patterns increased with the increasing irrigation amount.The daily Es of different irrigation treatments was at a higher level between one and four days after irrigation,and R1 was 6.98%,7.55%,8.53%and 7.19%higher than R2,respectively.The average annual evapotranspiration in R1of the four irrigation treatments was 397.6 mm,465.2 mm,547.2 mm and 665 mm,R2 was 412.5 mm,482.1 mm,563.5 mm and 684.5 mm,respectively.R2 was 3.76%,3.64%,2.96%and 2.94%higher than R1,respectively.The Es/ET ratio in R1 of the four irrigation treatments was between 27.45%-31.82%,R2 was between 24.52%-28.56%,and R1 was higher than R2.Net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO 2 concentration increased with the increase of the irrigation amount,and stomatal limitation values decreased with the increase of the irrigation amount.The yield increased with the increase of the irrigation amount,D4 was the highest and not significantly different from D3,but significantly higher than D1 and D2.The water use efficiency increased and then decreased with the increase of the irrigation amount,D3 was the largest and D4 the smallest.The average length,fracture strength and uniformity of the upper half increased with the increase of irrigation amount,while the maturity index and Micronron value decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.