催化剂的种类和现状

Types and Research Status of Catalysts

催化剂是一种改变化学反应的活化能从而改变(降低或者加快)化学反应的速率,但自身的物理性质和化学性质在反应前后几乎不会发生任何变化的一种特殊物质。对于现代化学、化工领域而言,催化剂是此领域中最常见的物质之一,同时有着不可取代的作用。目前催化剂的种类很多,新型催化剂的开发也很快。文章简要介绍固体催化、光催化、生物催化、加氢催化等几类催化剂及其研究现状,并在最后对催化剂在未来发展趋势作出总结。

Catalyst is a kind of change chemical reaction activation energy and reduce or speed up the rate of chemical reaction,but its physical properties and chemical properties in almost never happen any changes before and after reaction is a kind of special material.For now,catalyst is one of the most common material in the field,also having the effect that cannot replace The reason is that the vast majority of chemical products are inseparable from the unique role of catalysts in the production process.This article briefly introduced several kinds of catalysts such as solid catalysis,photocatalysis,biocatalysts,hydrogenation catalysis and their research progress.Finally,a summary of the future development trends of catalysts is provided.