“道听途说”还是“眼见为实”?效价及真实性对幼儿评价流言传播的影响

“Hearsay”or“Seeing is Believing”? The Effect of Valence and Accuracy in Preschooler's Evaluation to Spreading of Gossip

考察流言效价和内容真实性相冲突时,幼儿在社会偏好和行为评价上的特点,结果发现:在不知道流言真实性时,5~6岁幼儿会更愿意与积极流言传播者做朋友,认为传播积极流言的行为更好。但后续通过直接观察发现积极流言虚假但消极流言是真实后,他们对积极流言传播者的评价表现不同程度的降低,这种变化在不同的评价任务中表现不同:他们更愿意与说消极但真实流言的个体做朋友,但依然认为传播积极却虚假流言个体的行为更好。

The present study aimed to examine the preschoolers' social preference and behavior evaluation when they are faced with different valence gossip and later find that the truth of the gossip conflicts with valence.We predicted that preschoolers would evaluate the individuals who provided relatively positive gossip better.The results revealed that preschoolers' evaluation of gossip was influenced by its valence and accuracy.The 5-and 6-year-olds' explicit evaluations would be affected by valence of gossip,and judged their behaviors positively before they knew the truth of gossip.However,when they knew the accuracy of the gossip and found the valence of gossip conflicted with the accuracy of gossip in the two evaluation tasks,the 5-to 6-year-olds' selections of the positive gossiper were declined in different degrees,and there were no age differences.The above results indicated that 5-and 6-year-olds' took both the valence and accuracy of gossip into their social evaluation criteria.