社会参与视角下养老机构适老宜居评价体系的构建

Construction of an evaluation system for age-friendly livability in elderly care institutions from the perspective of social participation

目的构建养老机构适老化宜居环境评价指标体系,为养老机构适老宜居环境评价提供工具。方法基于文献检索建立指标库,运用DPSIR模型法提取并梳理初始指标体系,通过Delphi法对专家进行2轮函询并确定指标,应用优序图法、G1法、决策实验室法组合赋权确定各指标权重。结果2轮函询的专家积极系数分别为90.91%、90.00%,专家权威系数分别为0.72、0.72,协调系数分别为0.112、0.298(均P<0.05)。构建的指标体系包含社区水平、社区设施、老年人主观属性、老年人人际关系、社区服务、社区活动、老年人心理状态、老年人老化态度、制度政策9个一级指标和36个二级指标。结论建立的评价指标体系综合考虑了养老机构客观环境与老年人自身主观感受,可用于养老机构及其他以社区为单位的组织适老宜居环境的评价,以建立优质养老机构,促进老年人社会互动、参与社会活动。

Objective To construct an evaluation index system for age-friendly livability in elderly care institutions,thereby providing a tool for assessing the age-friendly livability of such institutions.Methods The index database was established based on literature retrieval,and the DPSIR model was used to extract and sort the initial index system.Two rounds of expert consultations were conducted using the Delphi method to determine the indicators,and the Precedence Chart method(PC),the G1 method,and the Decision Experiment Laboratory(DEMATEL)method were used to determine each indicator′s weigh.Results The expert positive coefficients of the two rounds of consultations were 90.91%and 90.00%,while the expert authority coefficients were 0.72 and 0.72,and the coordination coefficients were 0.112 and 0.298(all P<0.05).The established index system comprised 9 first-level indicators and 36 second-level indicators,including community level,community facilities,subjective attributes of the elderly,interpersonal relationships of the elderly,community services,community activities,psychological state of the elderly,attitudes toward aging,and institutional policies.Conclusion The established evaluation indicator system comprehensively considers both the objective environment of the elderly care institutions and the subjective feelings of the elderly themselves.This system can be used to evaluate whether elderly care institutions and other community-based organizations are age-friendly and livable,so as to establish high-quality elderly care institutions that promote social interaction and participation in community activities for the elderly.