乳腺癌乳房再造术后患者创伤后成长体验的质性研究

A qualitative study on the experience of post-traumatic growth in patients after breast reconstruction for breast cancer

目的深入了解乳腺癌乳房再造术后患者创伤后成长的真实体验,为开展针对性护理干预提供参考。方法采用现象学研究法,以目的抽样法联合滚雪球抽样法选取12例乳腺癌乳房再造术后患者作为研究对象,以面对面或电话访谈形式进行半结构式深入访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行归纳分析并提炼主题。结果共提炼出自我反思、自我重塑(人生价值观的改变、个人力量增强、对疾病认识由消极转变为积极)、自我实现(积极心理、有效应对、利他行为)3个主题及6个亚主题。结论乳腺癌乳房再造术后患者在对抗逆境的过程中能体验到创伤后成长,并呈现出积极自我变化。临床医护人员应关注患者的积极体验,激发患者积极力量,促进患者心理健康。

Objective To gain a deep understanding of the real experience of post-traumatic growth inpatients after breast reconstruction for breast cancer.Methods Phenomenological research method was adopted in this study.Twelve breast cancer patients who had undergone the breast reconstruction surgery were selected as research participants through purposive and snowball sampling methods.Semi-structured,in-depth interviews were conducted either face-to-face or over the telephone,and Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was applied to summarize and extract themes.Results Three themes and six sub-themes were extracted,including:self-reflection;self-rebuilding(the change of life values,personal strength,and the change of disease understanding from negative to positive);self-actualization(positive psychology,effective coping,and altruistic behavior).Conclusion Breast reconstruction patients can experience post-traumatic growth and show positive self-changes in the process of coping with adversity.Clinical medical personnel should pay attention to patients′positive experience,stimulate patients′positive power,and promote patients′mental health.