青藏高原蕨麻根际可培养真菌形态观察与鉴定

Morphological Observation and Identification of Culturable Fungi in the Rhizosphere of Potentilla anserina L.on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

为了解青藏高原特色植物蕨麻根际可培养真菌的群落特征,对蕨麻根际土壤真菌进行分离鉴定,应用光学显微镜和场发射扫描电镜对真菌进行形态观察,利用分子生物学技术进行菌种鉴定。从蕨麻根际土壤中共分离获得真菌菌株56株,其中优势菌属有青霉属(Penicillium sp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)、枝孢属(Cladosporium sp.)。孟加拉红培养基对土壤根际真菌分离效果最佳,而察氏培养基未成功分离出真菌。蕨麻根际土壤可培养真菌的种类和数量均高于非根际,蕨麻种植后根际真菌的多样性远高于种植前。表明蕨麻的生长发育对根际真菌群落的构建具有调节作用,从而造成土壤真菌群落多样性和丰度的明显差异。

In order to understand the community characteristics of culturable fungi in the rhizosphere of Potentilla anserina L.,a unique plant on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the fungi in rhizosphere soil were isolated and identified.The morphology of fungi was observed by optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy.A total of 56 fungal strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Potentilla anserina L.,among which the dominant strains were Penicillium sp.,Aspergillus sp.,and Cladosporium sp..Bengal red culture medium had the best effect on soil rhizosphere fungi isolation,while Czar’s culture medium failed to isolate fungi.The species and quantity of culturable fungi in rhizosphere soil were higher than those in non-rhizosphere soil,and the diversity of fungi in rhizosphere after planting was much higher than that before planting.The results indicated that the growth and development of Potentilla anserina L.could regulate the establishment of rhizosphere fungal community,which resulted in significant differences in the diversity and abundance of soil fungal community.