罗马法复兴与欧洲法律教育的近代化

The Revival of Roman Law and the Modernization of Legal Education in Europe

罗马法复兴运动催生了近代欧洲的法律教育。12世纪,意大利兴起的罗马法研究风潮使得法律从博雅教育中分离,成为一门独立的学科。注释法学派的学者们在讲学的过程中创造了一套完整的法律教育模式。16世纪,人文主义法学派在批判继承中对法律教育作出了革新,他们秉持着以人为本、正本清源的教育理念,使法律教育模式产生了转向。英国也与欧陆各国一样受到罗马法复兴运动影响,在大学中建立起了“波伦亚式”的法律教育,同时也保留了颇具本国特色的律师会馆教育。律师会馆虽然教授普通法,但教育体系中也存在罗马法的基因。近代以来,欧洲各国的法律教育在教育理念、教学安排以及教学方法上都有不同程度的改革,但仍然保留了许多罗马法因素。

The revival of Roman law gave birth to legal education in modern Europe.In the 12th century,the rise of the study of Roman law in Italy separated the law from liberal arts education and became an independent discipline.The scholars of the Glossators created a complete set of legal education model in the process of giving lectures.In the 16th century,the humanistic school of law innovated legal education in the course of critical inheritance.They adhered to the educational idea of putting people first and clarifying the source,which led to a shift in the mode of legal education.Like other countries in Europe,Britain was influenced by the revival of Roman law and established a“Bologna”legal education model in universities,while retaining the law club education with its own characteristics.Although the law club teaches common law,the gene of Roman law also exists in the education system.Since modern times,legal education in European countries has undergone varying degrees of reform in educational concepts,teaching arrangements and teaching methods,but still retains many factors of Roman law.