我国毛竹林经营中的抛荒和自然扩张困境及对策

The Dilemma and Countermeasures of Abandonment and Natural Expansion in the Management of Phyllostachys edulis Forests in China

【目的】毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)林在保护国土生态安全、保障国家竹木材供给及促进山区经济发展中发挥着重要作用。该文旨在解决新形势下毛竹林经营凸显的结构性问题。【方法】通过实地调研毛竹林经营情况,运用统计学方法分析历次全国森林资源清查数据。【结果】将我国毛竹林经营发展划分为黄金发展时期和缓慢发展时期,梳理总结出毛竹林经营发展面临的抛荒和自然扩张两大困境,剖析二者形成根源和后果。【结论】最后从“山上”“山下”双管齐下的角度出发,针对性地提出实施退竹还林工程、提高毛竹林经营现代化水平、提升笋竹制品附加值、开发竹林经营增汇和竹制品替代减排项目等使毛竹林经营实现经济效益与生态功能协同发展的对策建议,以期持续发挥毛竹林竹材生产和碳汇等多种功能。

【Objective】Phyllostachys edulis(Moso bamboo)forests play an important role in protecting national ecological security,ensuring national bamboo and timber supply,and promoting economic development in mountainous areas.This paper aims to address the structural issues highlighted in the management of bamboo forests under the new situation.【Method】By on-site research on the management of bamboo forests,and statistical methods,this paper analyzes data of previous national forest resources inventories.【Result】In this paper,we divide the management and development of China’s bamboo forests into periods of golden development and lagging development,sort out and summarize the two major difficulties faced in the management and development of bamboo forests,namely abandonment and natural expansion,then analyze the root causes and consequences of the above-mentioned two difficulties.【Conclusion】Finally,from the perspectives of both“on the mountain”and“off the mountain”,targeted measures and suggestions are proposed to implement the project of returning bamboo to forest,improve the modernization level of Moso bamboo forest management,increase the added value of bamboo shoots and products,develop projects to increase income from bamboo forest management and emission reduction by replacement with bamboo products,etc.,to achieve coordinated development of economic benefits and ecological functions in bamboo forest management,so as to let the various functions such as bamboo production and carbon sink in bamboo forests continue to be in full play.