基于弹簧刚度法的螺栓分布研究

Research on Bolt Distribution Based on Spring Stiffness Method

螺栓组载荷分布不均是齿轮齿条钻机产生振动甚至损坏的重要原因之一。工程中,螺栓连接点常常会受到复杂的时变低速重载,螺栓组容易因载荷分布不均而发生断裂,从而影响钻机的稳定性。为研究不同螺栓分布情况下螺栓组所受应力情况,通过建立多螺栓连接的力学模型对螺栓载荷分布情况进行分析,并在此基础上考虑结构复杂的连接件提出一种多螺栓连接载荷计算方法。设计并进行了试验研究和有限元分析,通过对比其结果,验证了计算方法的准确性。基于提出的理论计算方法,给出载荷作用下螺栓剪切应力的分布规律,对比了螺栓均匀分布模型和非均匀分布模型的剪切应力分布特点,结果发现非均匀螺栓分布的承载分布均匀性要优于均匀分布的螺栓。

Uneven load distribution of bolt group is one of the important reasons for vibration and even damage of large equipment.In engineering,the bolt joint points are often subjected to complex time-varying low-speed heavy loads,and the bolt group is easy to break due to uneven load distribution,which affects the stability of equipment operation.In order to study the stress of the bolt group under different bolt distribution,the mechanical model of multi-bolt connection was established to analyze the bolt load distribution.On this basis,a load calculation method of multi-bolt connection was proposed considering the complex structure of the connection.Experimental study and finite element analysis were designed and carried out,and the accuracy of the calculation method was verified by comparing the results.Based on the proposed theoretical calculation method,the distribution law of bolt shear stress under load was given,and the shear stress distribution characteristics of uniform distribution model and non-uniform distribution model of bolts were compared.It is found that the uniformity of load distribution of non-uniform bolt distribution is better than that of uniform bolt distribution.