城中村不同改造模式下人居环境健康效应初探——基于广州猎德村与石牌村的对比分析

Preliminary Exploration of Health Effects of Human Settlement under Different Reconstruction Modes of Urban Villages:A Comparative Analysis of Liede and Shipai Villages in Guangzhou

社区环境与居民健康日益成为研究的焦点。但在城中村改造语境下,社区环境的重构对居民健康的影响尚不清晰。以广州猎德村和石牌村作为案例进行对比,通过路径分析初步探索城中村不同改造模式下建成环境特征、社会资本水平及其对身心健康影响机制。结果表明,经过整体改造后的猎德村,居民的建成环境感知和社会资本水平较高,建成环境感知仅通过社会资本对居民心理健康起促进作用;而逐步更新的石牌村,其建成环境质量仍有损于身心健康,但其社会资本是促进居民身心健康的关键要素。认为城中村不同改造模式下呈现不同的健康收益和风险模式,在改造策略选择上应注重建成环境质量和包容性提升、重视社区社会资本的维护与重塑。

With the continuous promotion of the Healthy China initiative,the relationship between the community environment andpublic health has been discussed more and more thoroughly from the urban research perspective.An urban village is a particular form of settlement emerging in rapid urbanization.Its physical and social characteristics are crucial to the health and well-being of residents.As we usher into the stock development era,urban villages'renewal and transformation continue to drive the upgradation and reconstruction of community environments.Nevertheless,existing studies have not fully explained the public health benefits or depletion caused by different transformation modes.A comparative study of Liede and Shipai villages in the Tianhe district of Guangzhou city was conducted in this research.Through variation and route analyses,this study discussed health benefits and sharing of residents in urban villages under the overall transformation mode and progressive renewal transformation mode.Moreover,the influencing mechanisms of the built environment and social capital on the physical and mental health of the residents were elaborated to lower possible health risks in the reconstruction of urban villages and provide some policy suggestions to facilitate people-oriented renewal and construction of urban villages.With respect to research methods,essential attention is directed toward the different effects of the reconstruction of urban villages on the health of residents and relevant influencing paths.First,the differences between the two studied villages in the community environment perception and the physical and mental health of residents were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance.The action relations among community environment perception,social capital level,and health outcomes are elaborated via route analysis.The results demonstrated significant differences in health benefits and risks produced by different reconstruction modes of urban villages.1)After overall reconstruction,the environment perception quality and social capital level of the Liede village have enhanced significantly.However,none have generated considerable health benefits for the physical health of residents.Moreover,it has been proved that social capital after reconstruction can significantly facilitate the psychological health of residents.2)The environmental perception quality of Shipai village,which adopts progressive renewal,is improved to a limited extent and still belongs to a critical element that threatens residents'physical and psychological health.Improving social capital can significantly facilitate residents'physical and psychological health levels.In this study,the overall reconstruction of the urban village can relieve the health risks of residents through significant quality of the community-built environment.However,it also somewhat weakens social capital's health benefits.Under the progressive renewal mode of urban villages,the built environmental quality of the community has not been improved sufficiently,and it is insufficient to eliminate the health risks of the built environment.However,the original social capital of community are maintained and accumulated,which could bring physical and psychological health benefits of local residents.On this basis,the health demands of local residents shall be considered during model selection and policy formulation for the future renewal and reconstruction of urban villages.Key attention shall be directed toward improving the community's built environmental quality while positively maintaining and reconstructing local social networks and social capitals,thereby realizing the updation and construction of a people-oriented,sound and sustainable community.