天津市不同年代老旧居住建筑降碳潜力研究

Research on the Carbon Reduction Potential of Different Decade Types of Old Residential Buildings in Tianjin

探究不同年代类型老旧居住建筑的碳排放特征和降碳潜力,为其精准化低碳改造提供参考依据。将天津市中心城区的老旧居住建筑分为70、80和90年代三个类型并进行能耗模拟和碳排放计算,分析降碳潜力和改造重点,在此基础上提出不同年代类型建筑精准化低碳改造策略的优先级排序。发现不同年代类型的老旧居住建筑降碳潜力不同。70年代建筑降碳潜力较大,可优先考虑屋面保温、外墙保温的改造策略;80年代建筑可优先考虑外墙保温、更换LED节能灯、东西墙垂直绿化的改造策略;90年代建筑降碳潜力较弱,可优先考虑更换LED节能灯、安装太阳能光伏板和太阳能集热板的改造策略。

This study examines the carbon emission characteristics and precise low-carbon renovation strategies for different decade types of residential buildings.In addition,it investigates the carbon reduction potential of different low-carbon renovation strategies and the priority order of low-carbon renovation strategies based on the building service life.As an essential part of existing buildings,old residential buildings in China are in large quantities and have wide distribution.Most of these buildings have low energy-saving construction standards and rely heavily on traditional energy sources for heating and cooling,thus having considerable carbon reduction potential.Investigating the carbon reduction potential and priority of low-carbon renovation strategies for old residential buildings is crucial for improving low-carbon renovation technologies and reducing carbon emissions of urban buildings,thereby facilitating the fulfillment of the goals of"carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality".With careful consideration of factors like the construction year and technological levels,the old residential buildings in the central area of Tianjin are classified into three decade types:the 1970s,1980s,and 1990s.The energy consumption and carbon emission of representative old residential buildings of these three types were simulated and calculated with DesignBuilder.Moreover,the carbon reduction potentials and reconstruction keys were analyzed.Based on this analysis,precise low-carbon renovation strategies were proposed for different types of buildings.The carbon reduction potential and economic costs of individual renovation strategies were calculated,and the priority order of low-carbon renovation strategies for different decade types of old residential buildings within their service life was determined.Enclosure structure construction,building form,and equipment performance are three significant factors affecting the energy consumption and carbon emissions of old residential buildings built in the 1970s,1980s,and 1990s.The comprehensive energy consumption and annual CO2 emissions per unit area of all three types of residential buildings depict a decreasing trend.According to the comparison of three types of old residential buildings,a decreasing trend in the potential of improving building enclosure structure,building form,and equipment performance was found,thus decreasing the reduction amplitude of comprehensive energy consumption and annual CO2 emissions per unit area.For old residential buildings from the 1970s to the 1990s,the contribution of enclosure structure renovation strategies to energy savings and emission reduction decreased.In contrast,the system's contribution and renewable energy renovation strategies increased.The carbon reduction potentials of different decade types of old residential buildings are different.During the renovation,the buildings from 1970s with tremendous carbon reduction potential should be prioritized,followed by Class I buildings from the 1980s and 1990s.Class II old residential buildings from the 1990s are the last to be considered.Priority renovation strategies for old residential buildings from the 1970s include roof insulation,external wall insulation,replacement of LED lighting,and vertical greening on east and west walls.For old residential buildings from the 1980s,priority should be given to external wall insulation,LED lighting replacement,vertical greening on the east and west walls,and installation of solar thermal collectors on balconies.For Class I old residential buildings from the 1990s,replacing LED lighting,roof greening,external wall insulation,and vertical greening on east and west walls should be prioritized.For Class II old residential buildings from the 1990s,installing solar photovoltaic panels on roofs,replacing LED lighting,installing solar thermal collectors on balconies,and roof insulation must be prioritized.