否定与超越:共产主义在资本主义内部生发的逻辑论析

Negation and Transcendence:A Logical Analysis of the Emergence of Communism within Capitalism

马克思立足于资本逻辑自我否定的辩证法考察了资本主义社会的诸多现象,不仅发现资本在追求价值增殖时受人的身体、自然、道德和法律的限制,而且也在资本逻辑增殖的发展趋势中确认了资本自我否定的本性与资本主义社会必然灭亡的依据。共产主义是内生于资本主义的否定性存在,它在解放那些由旧的、正在衰落的资本主义社会所孕育的新的社会要素的基础上,使无产阶级成为旧世界的掘墓人和新世界的建设者、使资本主义私有制在自我否定中重建个人所有制、以先进生产力开辟出通向自由王国的路径。随着新的社会要素的解放和成长,资本主义走向了自己对自己的否定。共产主义是对资本主义“文明面”的历史性超越,将在重建个人所有制的基础上,构建起“自由人的联合体”,从而满足人的自由全面发展的价值诉求。

Marx examined many phenomena in capitalist society based on the dialectical approach of self-negation of capital logic.He not only finds that capital is limited by human body,nature,morality,and law when pursuing value proliferation,but also confirmed the nature of self-negation of capital logic and the basis for the inevitable destruction of capitalist society in the development trend of capital logic proliferation.Communism is a negative existence inherent in capitalism.On the basis of liberating the new social elements nurtured by the old and declining capitalist society,it makes the proletariat the gravediggers of the old world and the builders of the new world,rebuilds individual ownership through self-negation of capitalist private ownership,and opens up a path to the realm of freedom through advanced productive forces.With the liberation and growth of new social elements,capitalism has moved towards its own negation of itself.Communism is a historic transcendence of the“civilized side”of capitalism,which will build a“union of free individuals”based on the reconstruction of individual ownership,in order to meet the value demands of human freedom and comprehensive development.