数字经济和数字博弈双重背景下人工智能的国际法治理

International Law Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in the Dual Context of the Digital Economyy and the Digital Competition

人工智能的国际法治理问题首先出现于数字经济兴起的背景下,随着数字经济背景下的竞争实质上转变为技术霸权之争,人工智能也从各国技术治理之争的对象演化为技术霸权之争的工具。运用国际法进行人工智能治理并克服系统性风险是可能且必要的路径。现有的人工智能国际法治理呈现出四个主要特点:内容上以伦理规则为主;形式上以非政府主体制定的软法为主;直接规制规则空缺,间接规制规则趋完善;部分法域的域内法发展显著。数字经济背景下人工智能对国际法的挑战总体上表现为排他性主权与统一数字空间的张力,具体在国际经贸规则中体现为人工智能的性质认定与规制路径不明。为实现人工智能治理的全球合作,首先应将其与数字经济规则密切结合,以数据治理为根本;其次应打造多元主体参与的协同共治模式;最后应防范地域与南北隔阂,营造全球普遍的法律环境。

The issue of international legal governance of artificial intelligence first appeared in the context of the rise of the digital economy.As the competition under the background of the digital economy has essentially trans-formed into a competition for technological hegemony,artificial intelligence has also evolved from an object of technological govermance among states to a tool in the competition for technological hegemony.It is possible and necessary to apply international law to artificial intelligence govermance and overcome the system risks.The existing international governance of artificial intelligence presents four main characteristics:the content is mainly ethical rules;the form is mainly soft laws formulated by non-goverment entities;although direct regulatory rules are scarce,indirect regulatory rules are gradually improving;the development of domestic laws in certain jurisdictions is remarkable.In the context of the digital economy,the challenge of artificial intelligence to interational law is generally manifesteu in le tceusiun uelweell ealusive suvelciguly allul ifieu digital space.Specifically,in the field of international economic and trade rules,it is reflected in the difficulty in the identifcation of the nature of artificial intelligence,as well as the unclear regulatory path of artificial intelligence.In order to achieve global cooperation in artificial intelligence governance,first of all,it should be closely combined with the rules of the digital economy,with data governance as the foundation;second,a governance model should be created with the participation of multiple stakeholders and collaborative governance;finally,regional and north-south barriers should be prevented in the process of creating a universal legal environment.